Apparatus and method for producing small gas bubbles in liquids
An apparatus for creating microbubbles of gas in a liquid. A vertical pipe member is adapted to receive a liquid-gas mixture having gas bubbles of larger diameter therein. A series of horizontally-extending apertures are provided to permit the pipe member to expel such liquid-gas mixture radially outwardly from such pipe member. The expelled liquid-gas mixture may contact the sides of a containment vessel. In a refinement of the invention, a specific relationship is further specified between the exit area of the apertures and the interior cross-sectional area of the pipe member, in order to most suitably convert the gas bubbles in such liquid-gas mixture to microbubbles of a desired small size when expelled under pressure from such pipe member via such apertures. A method of converting gas bubbles in such liquid-gas mixture to gas microbubbles is further disclosed.
1. An apparatus having means for creating microbubbles in a liquid to permit a selected gas to better react with impurities entrained in said liquid, comprising:
means for introducing gas bubbles, the majority of which are of a size greater than 100 microns, into a liquid to form a liquid-gas mixture;
elongate, hollow pipe means, substantially symmetrical in cross-section of interior cross-sectional area Ai, positioned substantially vertically, adapted to receive said liquid-gas mixture and supply said liquid-gas mixture under a first pressure to aperture means, said pipe means having plug means situate at a lowermost distal end thereof for preventing egress of liquid-gas mixture vertically downward from said distal end;
said aperture means situate on said pipe means and disposed substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of said pipe means and extending from an interior of said pipe means to an exterior of said pipe means, adapted to direct said liquid-gas mixture substantially horizontally outwardly from said pipe means; and
said pipe means of uniform wall thickness and having a maximum interior width D i and a maximum exterior width D o , having identical moments of inertia about at least two separate axis in a cross-sectional plane through said pipe means;
said aperture means comprising at least one or more apertures having a combined exit area A e ; and
said combined aperture exit area A e defined as a function of widths D i and D o and said cross-sectional area A i of said pipe means, wherein A e is no greater than:
A i ×D i /D o
said liquid-gas mixture when directed through said aperture means having said above defined relationship between A e , A i , D i and D o thereby forming microbubbles in said liquid-gas mixture, the majority of which are of a size less than 100 microns; and
wherein said aperture means comprises at least one aperture, and wherein the individual cross-sectional area of each of said at least one aperture is no greater than A i ×D i /2D o; and
wherein said apertures comprise a plurality of horizontally-extending slots in said pipe means.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , said pipe means having an exterior circumference C, each of said horizontally-extending slots being rectangular and of a horizontal width no greater than said maximum interior width D i of said pipe means, and each of a vertical depth no greater than A i /C.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2 , comprising a pair of horizontally-extending slots, each of said horizontally-extending rectangular slots of a width substantially equal to said maximum interior width D i of said pipe means, and of a vertical depth substantially equal to A i /C.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 ,
wherein said pipe means comprises a substantially cylindrical pipe member having an exterior circumference C, said maximum interior width D i equal to an inner diameter of said pipe member, and said maximum exterior width D o equal to an outer diameter of said pipe member.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , said pipe having an exterior circumference C, wherein said horizontally-extending slots in said pipe member are rectangular, and each of a vertical depth equal to or less than A i /C.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said horizontally-extending slots each extend to a depth within said pipe member substantially equal to ½ D o , and are of a horizontal width substantially equal to D o .
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , 2 , or 4 , further comprising a containment vessel, an upper portion adapted to contain quantities of said gas at a second pressure greater than ambient pressure but less than said first pressure, a lower portion adapted to capture said liquid-gas mixture having microbubbles of gas entrained therein and to permit said microbubbles to react with said entrained impurities; and
said second pressure being at least 10 psi greater than said ambient pressure.