Compact two-element infrared objective lens and IR or thermal sight for weapon having viewing optics
A compact objective lens is disclosed which is particularly suitable for infrared optical systems. The lens features a simple design with only two lens elements, namely a first lens element receiving incident radiation and having front and rear surfaces, and a second lens element receiving incident radiation from the first element and having front and rear surfaces. The lens forms an image of a scene on a focal plane. At least three of the four surfaces of the elements are aspheric surfaces. The lens has an f-number less than about 2, a field-of-view less than about 30 degrees, and an effective focal length less than about 6 inches. The elements are made from a material selected to pass radiation in the infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum, e.g., germanium. The lens is suitable for use as an objective lens for a long-wave infrared sight for small arms, e.g., rifle or shoulder-launched surface to air missile launching system, i.e., a lens optimized for operating in the electromagnetic spectrum between about 7.5 and about 15 micrometers.
1. A two-element objective lens for an: infrared optical system, the lens consisting of:
a) a first lens element receiving incident radiation and having front and rear surfaces, and
b) a second lens element receiving incident radiation from the first lens element and having front and rear surfaces, the first and second lens elements forming an image on a focal plane; and
c) an aperture stop placed adjacent to the first lens element and between the first and second lens elements;
wherein at least three of said surfaces of the first and second lens elements comprise aspheric surfaces;
the lens has an f-number less than about 2;
the lens has a field-of-view less than about 30 degrees;
the lens has an effective focal length less than about 6 inches; and
the first and second lens elements are made from a material selected to pass radiation in the infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum; and
wherein the lens features diffraction-limited performance, in which the modulation transfer function approximately matches a diffraction limit of the lens.
2. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the lens has an effective focal length between two and four inches.
3. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the lens has an effective focal length of between one and two inches.
4. The lens of claim 1 , wherein all four surfaces comprise aspheric surfaces and wherein the first and second lens elements are constructed from a material selected from the group of materials consisting of germanium, gallium arsenide, zinc selenide and zinc sulfide.
5. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the lens exhibits a maximum radial field of between five and fifteen degrees.
6. The lens of claim 4 , wherein the lens exhibits an f-number of less than 2.
7. Gunnery apparatus comprising:
a weapon; and
a long-wave infrared sight mounted to the weapon;
wherein the sight includes an objective lens as claimed in claim 1 .
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the weapon comprises a rifle.
9. The lens of claim 1 , wherein the first and second lens elements are made from a material selected to pass radiation in a single band in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
10. The lens of claim 9 wherein the single band comprises the long-wave infrared band.
11. A long-wave infrared sight for weapon comprising: a detector for detecting infrared radiation; and
a two-element objective lens consisting of a) a first lens element receiving incident radiation and having front and rear surfaces, and b) a second lens element receiving incident radiation from the first element and having front and rear surfaces and directing light onto a detector, the detector located at a focal plane of the objective lens;
and an aperture stop placed adjacent to the first lens element and between the first and second lens elements;
wherein at least three of said surfaces of the first and second lens elements comprise aspheric surfaces;
the lens has an f-number less than about 2;
the lens has a field-of-view less than about 30 degrees;
the lens has an effective focal length less than about 6 inches; and
the first and second lens elements are made from a material selected to pass radiation in the infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum; and
wherein the lens features diffraction-limited performance, in which the modulation transfer function approximately matches a diffraction limit of the lens.
12. The sight as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the lens has an effective focal length of between two and four inches.
13. The sight as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the lens has an effective focal length of between one and two inches.
14. The sight as claimed in claim 11 , wherein all four surfaces comprise aspheric surfaces and wherein the first and second lens elements are constructed from a material selected from the group of materials consisting of germanium, gallium arsenide, zinc selenide and zinc sulfide.
15. The sight as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the lens exhibits a maximum radial field of between five and fifteen degrees.
16. The sight as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the lens exhibits an f-number of less than 2.
17. The sight of claim 11 , wherein the weapon comprises a small arms weapon.