Optical concentrators having one or more spot focus and related methods
The present invention provides optical concentrators having one or more spot focus (point, region, area, for example), preferably plural spot foci, provided by one or more optic systems. Other aspects of the present invention provides optical concentrators having self refrigeration devices.
1 . An optical concentrator, the optical concentrator comprising:
a body comprising a top and a bottom and comprising an entrance aperture that allows radiation to be concentrated to enter an interior space of the body, an exit that allows concentrated radiation to leave the interior space of the body, the exit positioned at an intermediate position between the top and bottom of the body, and a radiation receiver operatively positioned relative to and in optical communication with the exit;
a first concentrating optic comprising a first axis of concentration and plural line foci substantially parallel to the first axis of concentration; and
a second concentrating optic comprising a second axis of concentration substantially orthogonal to the first axis of concentration and a line focus substantially parallel to the second axis of concentration, and a reflective surface positioned within the interior space the body, wherein the line foci of the first and second concentrating optics cooperatively provide a region of focused radiation to the exit.
2 . The optical concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the region of focused radiation comprises a spot.
3 . The optical concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the body comprises a trough.
4 . The optical concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the radiation receiver comprises a photovoltaic cell.
5 . The optical concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the reflective surface comprises a parabolic surface.
6 . The optical concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the first concentrating optic comprises at least one fresnel lens.
7 . The optical concentrator of claim 1 , further comprising plural reflective surfaces.
8 . The optical concentrator of claim 6 , further comprising plural exits.
9 . The optical concentrator of claim 1 , further comprising a third concentrating optic operatively positioned at the exit and distinct from the first and second concentrating optics.
10 . The optical concentrator of claim 9 , wherein the third optic comprises a reflective optic.
11 . The optical concentrator of claim 9 , wherein the third optic comprises a refractive optic.
12 . The optical concentrator of claim 1 , further comprising a self-refrigeration device.
13 . The optical concentrator of claim 12 , wherein the self-refrigeration device comprises one or both of a heat spreader and a cooling fin.
14 . The optical concentrator of claim 1 , comprising an unobstructed light path between the entrance aperture and the radiation receiver.
15 . An optical concentrator, the optical concentrator comprising:
a body comprising a top, bottom, first end, and second end, an exit that allows concentrated radiation to leave the interior space of the body, the exit positioned at an intermediate position between the top and bottom of the body, and a radiation receiver operatively positioned relative to and in optical communication with the exit;
a first concentrating optic comprising a first axis of concentration and plural line foci substantially parallel to the first axis of concentration, the first concentrating optic at least partially defining an entrance aperture that allows radiation to be concentrated to enter an interior space of the body; and
a second concentrating optic comprising a second axis of concentration substantially orthogonal to the first axis of concentration and a line focus substantially parallel to the second axis of concentration, and a reflective surface positioned within the interior space the body, wherein the line foci of the first and second concentrating optics cooperatively provide a region of focused radiation to the exit;
wherein one of the first and second ends of the body is truncated relative to the entrance aperture.
16 . The optical concentrator of claim 15 , wherein both of the first and second ends are truncated relative to the entrance aperture.
17 . The optical concentrator of claim 15 , in combination with and positioned relative to a second similar optical concentrator to provide an optical concentrator system.
18 . The optical concentrator system of claim 17 , in combination with and positioned relative to at least one similar optical concentrator system to form an array of optical concentrators systems.
19 . A method of concentrating radiation in a solar concentrator, the method comprising the steps of:
causing solar radiation to impinge on a concentrating lens of an optical concentrator;
focusing the radiation with the concentrating lens to plural first line foci that impinge on a reflective surface of the optical concentrator;
focusing the radiation with the reflective surface to a second line focus orthogonal to first line foci; and
combining the first line foci and the second line focus to provide a spot focus to one or more receivers of the optical concentrator.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the optical concentrator comprises any of the optical concentrators recited in claims 1 - 18 .