Orthopaedic materials derived from keratin
The invention provides a biocompatible material derived from keratin that is useful for many aspects of medical treatment of bone. The keratin material is preferably S-sulfonated and enriched in intermediate filament proteins of high molecular weight. The keratin material may be porous for use as a bone replacement and augmentation product but also provided is the use of dense keratin materials in bone treatment for use as an internal fixation appliance in the treatment of bone fractures and bone regeneration, and a method for preparing the keratin material for use in the preservation, restoration and development of form and function of bone.
1. A porous material product for the replacement and augmentation of bone, comprising S-sulfonated keratin treated with reducing agent to remove sulfonate functionality and form disulfide crosslinks in the presence of a water soluble porogen and optionally containing up to 60% by weight of hydroxyapatite relative to the total weight of the material.
2. The product of claim 1 where the porous material has a pore size ranging from 50 to 320 microns.
3. A process for preparing the product of claim 1 , comprising the steps of grinding S-sulfonated keratin to a particle size ranging from 125 to 300 microns, admixing the S-sulfonated keratin with water in a weight ratio ranging from 1:0.1 to 1:10 of S-sulfonated keratin:water and with soluble porogen in a weight ratio of S-sulfonated keratin:porogen ranging from 1:0.1 to 1:10 and optionally with up to 60% by weight of the S-sulfonated keratin of hydroxyapatite, compressing the admixture, contacting the admixture with an aqueous solution containing a reducing agent effective to remove sulfonate group functionality and provide disulfide cross-links, and freeze drying.