Methods for identifying modulators of tumor necrosis factor receptors
This invention relates to the identification and characterization of specific cellular responses which are associated with tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR2). Selective modulation of these tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) Selective modulations of these responses may be useful in the promotion or inhibition of cell growth, for example, in the treatment of disease conditions, including cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Therapeutic methods employed selective TNFR1 and TNFR2 modulators are provided, along with screening methods for the identification of selective TNFR1 and TNFR2 modulators useful in such methods.
1. A method of identifying and/or obtaining a compound useful in treating a disease condition selected from the group consisting of acute renal transplant rejection, acute tubular necrosis, coronary artery disease, cardiac allograft rejection, peripheral vascular/arterial disease and ischemia, comprising:
contacting a test compound with a tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) polypeptide and a tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) polypeptide wherein the test compound is an antibody or an antibody fragment;
determining activation of said TNFR1 and TNFR2 polypeptides, wherein the activation of said TNFR1 and TNFR2 polypeptides is determined in kidney tissue culture; and
(1) identifying a test compound which activates the TNFR2 polypeptide and binds but does not activate the TNFR1 polypeptide or a test compound which binds to the TNFR1 polypeptide without activating the TNFR1 polypeptide as a compound for useful in the treatment of a disease condition selected from acute renal transplant rejection, acute tubular necrosis, coronary artery disease, cardiac allograft rejection, and peripheral vascular/arterial disease; or
(2) identifying a test compound which activates the TNFR2 polypeptide and binds but does not activate the TNFR1 polypeptide as a compound useful in the treatment of ischemia.
2. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising formulating the identified test compound in a pharmaceutical composition with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein activation of the TNFR1 polypeptide is determined by measuring phosphorylation of Apoptosis Signalling Kinase-1 (ASK1) at Thr 845 and/or Ser 966.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein activation of the TNFR1 polypeptide is determined by measuring ASK1-dependent cell apoptosis.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein activation of the TNFR2 polypeptide is determined by measuring the level of endothelial/epithelial tyrosine kinase (Etk) and/or the phosphorylation of Etk at Tyr 566.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein activation of the TNFR2 polypeptide is determined by measuring Etk-dependent cell angiogenesis.
7. A method of identifying and/or obtaining a compound useful in treating a disease condition selected from the group consisting of vasculitis, renal cell carcinoma and glomerulonephritis, comprising:
contacting a test compound with a TNFR1 polypeptide and a TNFR2 polypeptide wherein the test compound is an antibody or an antibody fragment;
determining activation of said TNFR1 and TNFR2 polypeptides, wherein the activation of said TNFR1 and TNFR2 polypeptides is determined in kidney tissue culture; and
(1) identifying a test compound which activates the TNFR1 polypeptide and binds but does not activate the TNFR2 polypeptide or a test compound which binds to the TNFR2 polypeptide without activation of the TNFR2 polypeptide as a compound for useful in the treatment of a disease condition selected from vasculitis and renal cell carcinoma; or
(2) identifying a test compound which activates the TNFR1 polypeptide and binds but does not activate the TNFR2 polypeptide as a compound useful in the treatment of glomerulonephritis.
8. A method according to claim 7 , further comprising formulating the identified test compound in a pharmaceutical composition with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
9. A method according to claim 7 , wherein activation of the TNFR1 polypeptide is determined by measuring phosphorylation of Apoptosis Signalling Kinase-1 (ASK1) at Thr 845 and/or Ser 966.
10. A method according to claim 7 , wherein activation of the TNFR1 polypeptide is determined by measuring ASK1-dependent cell apoptosis.
11. A method according to claim 7 , wherein activation of the TNFR2 polypeptide is determined by measuring the level of endothelial/epithelial tyrosine kinase (Etk) and/or the phosphorylation of Etk at Tyr 566.
12. A method according to claim 7 , wherein activation of the TNFR2 polypeptide is determined by measuring Etk-dependent cell angiogenesis.