Display element
Provided is a display element which is drivable with simple components and at a relatively low voltage and exhibits high display contrast, enhanced white display reflectance, superior response speed and reduced image unevenness. The display element includes opposing electrodes having therebetween an electrolyte containing silver or a compound having silver in the chemical structure, wherein the opposing electrodes are driven by a drive circuit disposed for each of pixels so that the silver is dissolved and deposited and the opposing electrodes are provided on a plane separate from the drive circuit.
1. A display element comprising opposing electrodes having therebetween an electrolyte containing silver or a compound having silver in the chemical structure, wherein the opposing electrodes are driven by a drive circuit disposed for each of pixels so that the silver is dissolved and deposited and the opposing electrodes are provided on a plane separate from the drive circuit, and the electrolyte comprises at least one compound represented by formula (1) or (2) and at least one compound represented by formula (3) or (4):
wherein L is an oxygen atom or CH 2 ; R 1 through R 4 are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group or an alkoxy group;
wherein R 5 and R 6 are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group or an alkoxy group;
R 7 —S—R 8 formula (3)
wherein R 7 and R 8 are each a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, or R 7 or R 8 combine with each other to form a nonaromatic S-containing ring, provided that atoms adjacent to S are not S;
wherein M is a hydrogen atom, a metal atom or a quaternary ammonium; Z represents a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring; n is an integer of 0 to 5; R 9 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylcarbonamido group, an arylcarbonamido group, an alkylsulfonamido group, an arylsulfonamido group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, an alkylcarbamoyl group, an arylcarbamoyl group, a carbamoyl group, an alkylsulfamoyl group, an arylsulfamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a cyano group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an arylsulfonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, an acyloxycarbonyl group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, an amino group, a hydroxy group or a heterocyclic group, provided that when n is 2 or more, R 9 s may be the same or different or may combine to form a condensed ring.
2. The display element of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the opposing electrodes is electrically connected to the drive circuit through a contact hole.
3. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the drive circuit has a pixel switching means.
4. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the drive circuit has a current controller to control a current passing between the opposing electrodes.
5. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the drive circuit has a potential controller to control a potential between the opposing electrodes.
6. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the drive circuit has a means for specifying rewriting.
7. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the drive circuit has a power cutoff means.
8. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the display element has a porous white scattering layer between the opposing electrodes.
9. The display element of claim 1 , wherein a distance between the opposing electrodes is not less than 1 μm and not more than 40 μm.
10. The display element of claim 1 , wherein an area of a black image per pixel is from 1.3 to 3.5, based on an area of an opposing electrode that is not on an image observation side being 1.
11. A display element comprising opposing electrodes having therebetween an electrolyte containing silver or a compound having silver in the chemical structure, wherein the opposing electrodes are driven by a drive circuit disposed for each of pixels so that the silver is dissolved and deposited and the opposing electrodes are provided on a plane separate from the drive circuit, and the display element satisfies equation (1):
0 ≦[X]/[Ag]≦ 0.01 equation (1)
wherein [X] is a molar concentration (mole/kg) of halogen ions or halogen atoms contained in the electrolyte and [Ag] is a total molar concentration (mole/kg) of silver contained in the electrolyte or silver included in the compound including silver in its chemical structure.
12. The display element of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the opposing electrodes is electrically connected to the drive circuit through a contact hole.
13. The display element of claim 11 , wherein the drive circuit has a pixel switching means.
14. The display element of claim 11 , wherein the drive circuit has a current controller to control a current passing between the opposing electrodes.
15. The display element of claim 11 , wherein the drive circuit has a potential controller to control a potential between the opposing electrodes.
16. The display element of claim 11 , wherein the drive circuit has a means for specifying rewriting.
17. The display element of claim 11 , wherein the drive circuit has a power cutoff means.
18. The display element of claim 11 , wherein the display element has a porous white scattering layer between the opposing electrodes.
19. The display element of claim 11 , wherein a distance between the opposing electrodes is not less than 1 μm and not more than 40 μm.
20. The display element of claim 11 , wherein an area of a black image per pixel is from 1.3 to 3.5, based on an area of an opposing electrode that is not on an image observation side being 1.
21. A display element comprising opposing electrodes having therebetween an electrolyte containing silver or a compound having silver in the chemical structure, wherein the opposing electrodes are driven by a drive circuit disposed for each of pixels so that the silver is dissolved and deposited and the opposing electrodes are provided on a plane separate from the drive circuit, and the opposing electrodes are driven so that a blackened silver is deposited by applying a voltage more than a deposition overvoltage and deposition of the blackened silver is continued by applying a voltage not more than the deposition overvoltage.
22. The display element of claim 21 , wherein at least one of the opposing electrodes is electrically connected to the drive circuit through a contact hole.
23. The display element of claim 21 , wherein the drive circuit has a pixel switching means.
24. The display element of claim 21 , wherein the drive circuit has a current controller to control a current passing between the opposing electrodes.
25. The display element of claim 21 , wherein the drive circuit has a potential controller to control a potential between the opposing electrodes.
26. The display element of claim 21 , wherein the drive circuit has a means for specifiying rewriting.
27. The display element of claim 21 , wherein the drive circuit has a power cutoff means.
28. The display element of claim 21 , wherein the display element has a porous white scattering layer between the opposing electrodes.
29. The display element of claim 21 , wherein a distance between the opposing electrodes is not less than 1 μm and not more than 40 μm.
30. The display element of claim 21 , wherein an area of a black image per pixel is from 1.3 to 3.5, based on an area of an opposing electrode that is not an image observation side being 1.