Piezoelectric multilayer component
The invention relates to a piezoelectric multi-layer component with a plurality of piezoelectric layers ( 1 ) lying one above the other and with electrode layers ( 2 a, 2 b ) arranged between the piezoelectric layers, wherein an absorption layer ( 4 ) of absorbing mechanical vibration energy is arranged in the layer stack.
1. A piezoelectric multi-layer component comprising a stack of layers, the stack of layers comprising:
piezoelectric layers;
electrode layers, the electrode layers being among the piezoelectric layers; and
an absorption layer to produce an interface effect for a pressure wave or a vibration pulse that affects the piezoelectric multi-layer component, the absorption layer being among piezoelectric and electrode layers in the stack;
wherein the piezoelectric layers, the electrode layers, and the absorption layer together form a sintered monolithic component; and
wherein the absorption layer is thicker than individual piezoelectric layers.
2. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer is configured to produce at least one of the following effects on the vibration pulse or on the pressure wave: absorption, refraction, destruction, and deflection.
3. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the pressure wave or the vibration pulse is generated via impact, shock, sound, or vibration energy.
4. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer comprises a ceramic layer.
5. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer comprises a piezoelectric layer.
6. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer has a lower density than ones of the piezoelectric layers in the stack that are adjacent to the absorption layer.
7. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer comprises compressible regions comprised of solid or gaseous components.
8. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer has a higher porosity than ones of the piezoelectric layers in the stack that are adjacent to the absorption layer.
9. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein piezoelectric layers in the stack are sintered with each other.
10. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the stack comprises additional absorption layers.
11. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 10 , wherein absorption layers in the stack are uniformly distributed over a height of the stack.
12. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer comprises an inorganic material and piezoelectric ceramic.
13. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer comprises an inorganic material that makes the absorption layer compressible and that causes an interface effect for a pressure wave as a result of distribution of the inorganic material.
14. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer comprises an inorganic material, the inorganic material comprising: a gas, a distributed crystalline, or an amorphous solid body.
15. The piezoelectric multi-layer of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer comprises a metal or a ceramic.
16. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer comprises an inorganic substance.
17. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer comprises an adhesive or a duroplastic.
18. The piezoelectric multi-layer of claim 1 , wherein electrode layers adjacent to the absorption layer are at a same electric potential.
19. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein a porosity of the absorption layer is 1.2 to 3 times a porosity of the piezoelectric layers in the stack.
20. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , wherein the absorption layer comprises a same ceramic substance as the piezoelectric layers in the stack.
21. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 10 , wherein absorption layers in the stack have higher elasticity than ones of the piezoelectric layers in the stack that are adjacent to the absorption layers.
22. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 10 , wherein absorption layers in the stack have higher compressibility relative to ones of the piezoelectric layers in the stack that are adjacent to the absorption layers.
23. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 10 , wherein absorption layers in the stack are configured to reduce stiffness in the piezoelectric multi-layer component.
24. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 10 , wherein absorption layers in the stack are configured so as not to crack during operation of the piezoelectric multi-layer component.
25. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 1 , which is configured so that, during operation of the piezoelectric multi-layer component, a crack produced in the absorption layer has a traced length that is longer than a length of the absorption layer.
26. The piezoelectric multi-layer component of claim 10 , wherein the absorption layers comprise a material that is different from a base substance of the piezoelectric layers.
27. A method for use with a piezoelectric multi-layer component comprising a stack of layers, the stack of layers comprising piezoelectric layers, electrode layers, and absorption layers, the method comprising:
using the absorption layers to absorb mechanical energy in the piezoelectric multi-layer component through scattering, deflection, or damping;
wherein the electrode layers are among the piezoelectric layers;
wherein the absorption layers are among piezoelectric and electrode layers in the stack;
wherein the piezoelectric layers, the electrode layers, and the absorption layers together form a sintered monolithic component; and
wherein an absorption layer is thicker than individual piezoelectric layers.