APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR TREATING AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS
Apparatus, process and article for treating an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant. The process includes contacting an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a solution depleted of chemical contaminants. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from a cerium carbonate, cerium oxalate and/or a cerium salt. The aggregate composition can include more than 10.01% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound, and in a particular embodiment consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, and optionally a binder and/or flow aid. Although intended for a variety of fluid treatment applications, such applications specifically include removing or detoxifying chemical contaminants in water.
1 . A process for treating an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant, the process comprising:
contacting an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form an aqueous solution depleted of the chemical contaminant.
2 . The process of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of the steps of:
separating the aqueous solution depleted of the chemical contaminant from the aggregate composition; and
sensing the aqueous solution depleted of chemical contaminant; and
evaporating residual aqueous solution from the aggregate composition; and
intermittently replacing the aggregate composition.
3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution contacts the composition at a temperature less than about 100° C.
4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution contacts the composition at a temperature above about 100° C. and at a pressure adequate to maintain at least a portion of the aqueous solution in a liquid phase.
5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solution is contacted with the aggregate composition by one or more of:
flowing the aqueous solution through the aggregate composition;
distributing the aggregate composition over the surface of the aqueous solution; and
submerging a fluid permeable container enclosing the aggregate composition in the aqueous solution.
6 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the aggregate composition is disposed in a container and the aqueous solution contacts the aggregate composition by flowing through the composition.
7 . The process of claim 6 , wherein the container is adapted to be removable and the process further comprises intermittently replacing the removable container.
8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the aggregate composition comprises a flowable particulate disposed in one or more of a fixed bed, fluidized bed, stirred tank and filter.
9 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium.
10 . The process of claim 9 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises a cerium-containing compound derived from one or more of thermal decomposition of a cerium carbonate, decomposition of a cerium oxalate and precipitation of a cerium salt.
11 . The process of claim 9 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises a cerium oxide.
12 . The process of claim 10 , wherein the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, and optionally, one or more of a binder and flow aid.
13 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the aggregate composition comprises more than 10.01% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound
14 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates having a mean surface area of at least about 1 m 2 /g.
15 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates having a mean particle size of greater than about 23 nm.
16 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the chemical contaminant comprises one or more of an organosulfur agent, an organophosphorous agent or a mixture thereof.
17 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the aggregate composition comprises aggregated particulates having a mean aggregate size of at least about 1 μm.
18 . An apparatus for treating an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant, the apparatus comprising:
a container having a fluid flow path for an aqueous solution; and
an aggregate composition disposed in the fluid flow path, the aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound for removing or detoxifying a chemical contaminant in the aqueous solution.
19 . The apparatus of claim 18 , further comprises one or more of:
a filter disposed downstream of the composition; and
a visual indicator for indicating when the composition should be replaced; and
a sensor for sensing an effluent flowing out of the container.
20 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the container is adapted to be removed from the apparatus, the container having an inlet and an outlet with each of the inlet and the outlet adapted to be sealed when removed from the apparatus.
21 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the container comprises one or more of a fixed bed, fluidized bed, stirred tank or filter.
22 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the container comprises a fluid permeable outer wall encapsulating the composition.
23 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium.
24 . The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises a cerium-containing compound derived from one or more of thermal decomposition of a cerium carbonate, decomposition of a cerium oxalate and precipitation of a cerium salt.
25 . The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises a cerium oxide.
26 . The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, and optionally, one or more of a binder and flow aid.
27 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the aggregate composition comprises more than 10.01% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound
28 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates having a mean surface area of at least about 1 m 2 /g.
29 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound is a particulate having a mean particle size of greater than about 25 nm.
30 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the aggregate composition comprises aggregated particulates having a mean particle size of at least about 1 μm.
31 . An article comprising:
a container having one or more walls defining an interior space; and
a flowable aggregate composition disposed in the interior space, the aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound;
wherein the container bears instructions for use of the flowable aggregate composition to treat an aqueous solution containing a chemical contaminant.