Deposition products, composite materials and processes for the production thereof
A method for producing a deposition product includes providing a deposition solution having a pH below 7 and comprising an aqueous solution of a silver salt comprised of silver ions and an oxidizing agent. The silver salt is comprised of silver nitrate and has a concentration in the deposition solution between about 1 and 20 grams per liter. The oxidizing agent is comprised of a persulfate and has a concentration in the deposition solution between about 1 and 50 grams per liter. The method further includes producing the deposition product by facilitating a chemical reaction between the silver ions and the oxidizing agent while maintaining the deposition solution at a temperature of between about 2 and 40 degrees Celsius. The deposition product consists essentially of at least one oxidized silver species, and is comprised of a compound having the formula Ag 7 O 8 X, where X is an anion.
1. A method for producing a deposition product, the method comprising the following steps:
(a) providing a deposition solution comprising an amount of an aqueous solution of a silver salt comprised of an amount of silver ions and an amount of an oxidizing agent, wherein the silver salt is comprised of silver nitrate, wherein the oxidizing agent is comprised of a persulfate, wherein a concentration of the silver salt in the deposition solution is between about 1 gram per liter and about 20 grams per liter, wherein a concentration of the oxidizing agent in the deposition solution is between about 1 gram per liter and about 50 grams per liter, and wherein the deposition solution has a pH below 7; and
(b) producing the deposition product by facilitating a chemical reaction in the deposition solution between the silver ions and the oxidizing agent while maintaining the deposition solution at a temperature of between about 2 degrees Celsius and about 40 degrees Celsius, wherein the deposition product consists essentially of at least one oxidized silver species, and wherein the deposition product is comprised of a compound having the formula Ag 7 O 8 X, where X is an anion.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the persulfate is selected from the group of persulfates consisting of potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and mixtures thereof.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the persulfate is comprised of potassium persulfate.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the amount of the oxidizing agent is selected to be a stoichiometrically appropriate amount relative to the amount of the silver ions.
5. The method as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising the step of adding an amount of a source of anions to the deposition solution for combining with the silver ions in order to produce the deposition product.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the source of anions is comprised of at least one acid.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the acid is selected from the group of acids consisting of carbonic acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, fluoroboric acid, citric acid, acetylsalicylic acid and mixtures thereof.
8. The method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the amount of the source of anions is selected to be a stoichiometrically appropriate amount relative to the amount of the silver ions.
9. The method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the deposition product producing step is comprised of maintaining the deposition solution at a temperature of between about 10 degrees Celsius and about 25 degrees Celsius.
10. The method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the deposition product producing step is comprised of agitating the deposition solution during at least a portion of the deposition product producing step.
11. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the deposition product is further comprised of Ag 2 SO 4 .
12. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the deposition product is further comprised of at least one silver oxide selected from the group of silver oxides consisting of monovalent silver oxide, bivalent silver oxide, trivalent silver oxide and mixtures thereof.
13. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein X is derived from an acid.
14. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the deposition product is comprised of a plurality of valent states of silver.
15. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein X is selected from the group of anions consisting of HCO 3 − , CO 3 2− , NO 3 − , ClO 4 − , SO 4 2− , F − , and mixtures thereof.
16. The method as claimed in claim 15 wherein X is comprised of NO 3 − .