System for analyzing eye responses to automatically determine impairment of a subject
The impairment determination system automatically determines impairment of a subject based on pupil movement, as well as pupil responses to illumination and target tracking for either eye or both eyes simultaneously. The impairment determination system automatically processes a series of digital image frames, taken during the execution of a predetermined test protocol, to determine pupil location, size, and responsiveness to changes in illumination, which data are used by the impairment determination system to determine impairment of the subject. The present impairment determination system uses a method for quickly and accurately localizing the subject's pupils, as well as their boundaries, area, and center coordinates, which data is used as part of the impairment determination process.
1. An impairment determination system for automatically determining impairment of a subject based on pupil responses during administration of a test protocol to said subject, as recorded in a time-wise sequence of digital images of at least one of the subject's eyes taken during administration of said test protocol to said subject, comprising:
digital image processing means for identifying a location of a pupil of at least one of said subject's eyes in a plurality of said digital images in said sequence of digital images;
pupil size means for computing a size of said pupil in said plurality of said digital images in said sequence of digital images; and
impairment determining means, responsive to said location of a pupil and said size of said pupil in said plurality of said digital images in said sequence of digital images, for automatically determining whether said subject is impaired, comprising:
stimulus means for recording a position of a stimulus target, used to direct movement of said subject's eyes, with respect to each digital image in said time-wise sequence of digital images,
comparison means for contrasting said tracked eye movement in said sequence of digital images with said position of a stimulus target, and
pattern means for identifying a departure of said tracked eye movement in said sequence of digital images with said position of a stimulus target against at least one predetermined pattern, representative of eye movement of said subject corresponding to a priorly administered stimulus protocol.
2. The impairment determination system of claim 1 wherein said impairment determining means comprises:
pupil movement determining means, responsive to data indicative of said location of said pupil in said plurality of digital images, for tracking eye movement in said plurality of digital images.
3. The impairment determination system of claim 2 wherein said impairment determining means further comprises:
pattern means for identifying a departure of said tracked eye movement in said sequence of digital images against normal eye movement.
4. The impairment determination system of claim 2 wherein said impairment determining means further comprises:
pattern means for identifying a departure of said tracked eye movement in said sequence of digital images from normal eye movement when compared to at least one predetermined pattern, representative of eye movement of said subject corresponding to a priorly administered test.
5. The impairment determination system of claim 1 wherein said impairment determining means further comprises:
illumination responsiveness means for measuring pupil reaction to abrupt changes in lighting conditions; and
responsiveness test means, responsive to said pupil reaction to abrupt changes in lighting conditions failing to follow a predetermined pattern, for determining that said subject is impaired.
6. A method for automatically determining impairment of a subject based on pupil responses during administration of a test protocol to said subject, as recorded in a time-wise sequence of digital images of at least one of said subject's eyes taken during administration of said test protocol to said subject, comprising:
identifying a location of a pupil of at least one of said subject's eyes in a plurality of said digital images in said sequence of digital images;
computing a size of said pupil in said plurality of said digital images in said sequence of digital images; and
automatically determining, in response to said tracked eye movement and said size of said pupil, whether said subject is impaired, comprising:
recording a position of a stimulus target, used to direct movement of said subject's eyes, with respect to each digital image in said time-wise sequence of digital images,
contrasting said tracked eye movement in said sequence of digital images with said position of a stimulus target, and
identifying a departure of said tracked eye movement in said sequence of digital images with said position of a stimulus target against at least one predetermined pattern, representative of eye movement of said subject corresponding to a priorly administered stimulus protocol.
7. The method for automatically determining impairment of claim 6 wherein said step of determining means comprises:
pupil movement determining means, responsive to data indicative of said location of said pupil in said plurality of digital images, for tracking eye movement in said plurality of digital images.
8. The method for automatically determining impairment of claim 7 wherein said step of determining further comprises:
identifying a departure of said tracked eye movement in said sequence of digital images against normal eye movement.
9. The method for automatically determining impairment of claim 7 wherein said step of determining further comprises:
identifying a departure of said tracked eye movement in said sequence of digital images from normal eye movement when compared to at least one predetermined pattern, representative of eye movement of said subject corresponding to a priorly administered test.
10. The method for automatically determining impairment of claim 6 wherein said step of determining further comprises:
measuring pupil reaction to abrupt and sustained changes in lighting conditions; and
determining, in response to said pupil reaction to abrupt and sustained changes in lighting conditions failing to follow a predetermined pattern, that said subject is impaired.