Ligand iron catalysts for selective hydrogenation
Disclosed are iron ligand catalysts for selective hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones and imines. A catalyst such as dicarbonyl iron hydride hydroxycyclopentadiene) complex uses the OH on the five member ring and hydrogen linked to the iron to facilitate hydrogenation reactions, particularly in the presence of hydrogen gas.
1. A method of reducing a ketone moiety to an alcohol moiety comprising exposing the ketone moiety to a catalyst having the following formula:
where A represents hydrogen, a silyl moiety, or an alkyl moiety, B represents hydrogen, a silyl moiety, or an alkyl moiety, C linked to a five member ring represents an alkyl moiety, and D represents an alkyl moiety, where C linked to the five member ring and D both have a carbon that is part of a same cyclic moiety.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has the following formula:
where the A, B, C, D, E and F which are attached to a silicon each is selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and aryl groups.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has the following formula:
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein hydrogen gas is added during the method.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a reducing of the ketone occurs at a temperature at or above 15° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ketone moiety is a portion of a compound that has less than 30 carbons.
7. A method of reducing an aldehyde moiety to an alcohol moiety comprising exposing the aldehyde moiety to a catalyst having the following formula:
where A represents hydrogen, a silyl moiety, or an alkyl moiety, B represents hydrogen, a silyl moiety, or an alkyl moiety, C linked to a five member ring represents an alkyl moiety, and D represents an alkyl moiety, where C linked to the five member ring and D both have a carbon that is part of a same cyclic moiety.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst has the following formula:
where the A, B, C, D, E and F which are attached to a silicon each is selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and aryl groups.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst has the following formula:
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein hydrogen gas is added during the method.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein a reducing of the aldehyde occurs at a temperature at or above 15° C.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the aldehyde moiety is a portion of a compound that has less than 30 carbons.
13. A method of reducing a imine moiety to an amine moiety comprising exposing the imine moiety to a catalyst having the following formula:
where A represents hydrogen, a silyl moiety, or an alkyl moiety, B represents hydrogen, a silyl moiety, or an alkyl moiety, C linked to a five member ring represents an alkyl moiety, and D represents an alkyl moiety, where C linked to the five member ring and D both have a carbon that is part of a same cyclic moiety.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the catalyst has the following formula:
where the A, B, C, D, E and F which are attached to a silicon each is selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and aryl groups.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the catalyst has the following formula:
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein hydrogen gas is added during the method.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein a reducing of the imine occurs at a temperature at or above 15° C.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the imine moiety is a portion of a compound that has less than 30 carbons.