Electrically conductive metal impregnated elastomer materials and methods of forming electrically conductive metal impregnated elastomer materials
An electrically conductive, compliant elastomer material that is impregnated with a metal is formed by combining a metal salt with an elastomer precursor material to form a metal salt/precursor mixture, curing the metal salt/precursor mixture to form an elastomer impregnated with metal salt, and treating the elastomer impregnated with metal salt with a chemical reducing composition so as to convert at least a portion of the metal salt impregnated within the elastomer to a metal. The elastomer can be subjected to a suitable solvent that swells the elastomer during the chemical reduction of the metal salt to metal, which enhances the mechanical and electrical properties of the resultant metal impregnated elastomer material.
1. An electrically conductive and compliant material comprising:
a base structure comprising an elastomer; and
a metal mixed within the elastomer base structure, wherein a concentration of metal at a surface of the base structure is greater than a concentration of metal at a selected depth from the surface of the base structure, and wherein the metal comprises a plurality of separate and individual metal nodules ananged so as to define a conductive pathway between metal nodules of the base structure;
wherein the material maintains a selected range of electrical conductivity when being stretched a selected amount from a relaxed position; wherein the material maintains an electrical conductivity of at least about 10 −10 S/cm when being subjected to a strain of at least about 1%.
2. The material of claim 1 , the material maintains an electrical conductivity of at least about 10 −6 S/cm when being subjected to a strain of at least about 5%.
3. The material of claim 1 , wherein the material has an elastic modulus no greater than about 100 MPa.
4. The material of claim 1 , wherein the material has an elastic modulus no greater than about 20 MPa.
5. The material of claim 1 , wherein the metal mixed within the elastomer base structure comprises at least one of platinum, silver, palladium, gold, copper, and iron.
6. The material of claim 1 , wherein the elastomer comprises at least one of a polyisoprene, a polybutadiene, a copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene, a polyacrylate, a polyurethane, and a silicon containing material.
7. The material of claim 1 , further comprising a metal coating deposited on the surface of the base structure.
8. The material of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the material is wrinkled.
9. The material of claim 1 , wherein the electrical conductivity of the material changes with the amount of strain applied to the material.
10. The material of claim 1 , wherein the elastomer base structure has a patterned configuration having different dimensions.
11. The material of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the base structure includes separate and individual metal nodules located along the surface of the base structure and arranged so as to define a conductive pathway along the surface of the base structure.
12. The material of claim 1 , wherein the material maintains an electrical conductivity when being subjected to a strain of at least about 30% from a relaxed position.
13. The material of claim 1 , wherein the elastomer base structure has a three-dimensional shape.
14. A compliant electrode comprising the material of claim 1 .
15. A strain gauge comprising the material of claim 1 .