Spray dispensing method for applying liquid metal
Embodiments of a method for applying a thermal-interface material are described. During this method, a first surface of a heat-removal device and a second surface of a semiconductor die are prepared. Next, a region on a given surface, which is at least one of the first surface and the second surface, is defined. Then, the thermal-interface material is applied to at least the region, where the thermal-interface material includes a material that is a liquid metal over a range of operating temperatures of the semiconductor die.
1. A method for applying a thermal-interface material, comprising:
preparing a first surface of a heat-removal device and a second surface of a semiconductor die;
using a mask to define a region on a given surface where the thermal-interface material is to be applied, wherein the given surface is at least one of the first surface and the second surface, wherein the mask exposes the region on the given surface, and wherein the mask includes a layer of adhesive material sandwiched between layers of non-adhesive material;
spray-coating the thermal-interface material to at least the region, wherein the thermal-interface material includes a material that is a liquid metal over a range of operating temperatures of the semiconductor die.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein preparing the first surface and the second surface includes depositing a first layer which is substantially insoluble in the thermal-interface material on the first surface and the second surface.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first layer includes titanium.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein preparing the first surface and the second surface includes depositing a second layer which wets with the thermal-interface material on the first layer.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the second layer includes gold.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein preparing the first surface and the second surface includes depositing a third layer between the first layer and the second layer.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the third layer includes an inter-metallic compound.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein preparing the first surface and the second surface includes adhering a film to the first surface and the second surface.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the film includes a first layer, and wherein the first layer is substantially insoluble in the thermal-interface material.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the film includes a second layer above the first layer, and wherein the second layer wets with the thermal-interface material.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor die includes a processor.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein defining the region includes adhering a contact mask onto the given surface.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising attaching the heat-removal device and the semiconductor die to one or more carriers before preparing the first surface and the second surface.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal-interface material has approximately a uniform thickness in the region.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the thickness is between 1 and 150 μm at atmospheric pressure.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal-interface material includes a gallium-indium-tin alloy.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the gallium-indium-tin alloy includes between 55-75% gallium, 15-25% indium, and 5-20% tin.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mask confines the thermal-interface material to the region.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid metal has a bulk thermal conductivity between 7 and 100 W/mK.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid metal has a melting temperature below room temperature.
21. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
defining another region on another surface, which is the other of the first surface and the second surface; and
applying the thermal-interface material to the other region.
22. The method of claim 1 , further comprising placing the heat-removal device and the semiconductor die in a containment box before spray-coating the thermal-interface material,
wherein the containment box includes a fluid recovery system for recycling excess thermal interface material.
23. A method for applying a thermal-interface material, comprising:
depositing a first layer on a heat-removal device and depositing a second layer having a surface on the first layer, wherein the first layer is substantially insoluble in a thermal-interface material and the second layer wets with the thermal-interface material;
depositing a third layer on a semiconductor die and depositing a fourth layer having another surface on the third layer, wherein the third layer is substantially insoluble in the thermal-interface material and the fourth layer wets with the thermal-interface material;
adhering a contact mask onto a given surface to define a region where the thermal-interface material is to be applied, wherein the contact mask exposes the region, wherein the given surface can be at least one of the surface and the other surface, and wherein the mask includes a layer of adhesive material sandwiched between layers of non-adhesive material; and
spray-coating the thermal-interface material to at least the region, wherein the thermal-interface material is a liquid metal over a range of operating temperatures of the semiconductor die.