Aqueous and transparent coatings for marking substrates
The present invention provides a composition, which comprises an aqueous solvent and forms a transparent colorless coating, which yields markings of high contrast on exposure to energy. It also provides a process for the preparation of these compositions, substrates coated with these compositions and a process for their preparation, a process for preparing marked substrates using these compositions and marked substrates obtainable by the latter process.
1. A composition comprising
an oxygen-containing transition metal compound,
a base, and
an aqueous solvent,
wherein the base is at least one of
an alkali metal hydroxide,
an alkali metal carbonate,
an alkaline earth metal hydroxide,
an alkaline earth metal carbonate,
an ammonium hydroxide,
an ammonium carbonate, or
an amine of the formula (R 2 R 3 R 4 )N,
wherein R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different, and
wherein R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently hydrogen, C 1-8 -alkyl or aryl, or
wherein R 2 can be hydrogen, C 1-8 -alkyl or aryl and R 3 and R 4 can together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered cyclic ring,
wherein C 1-8 -alkyl and aryl may be mono- or polysubstituted with hydroxyl or amino,
wherein the oxygen-containing transition metal compound is at least one of an oxygen-containing chromium, molybdenum or tungsten compound, and
wherein the composition is colorless and can form a transparent colorless coating, which can yield markings of high contrast on exposure to energy, and
wherein a transparent coating is defined as a coating that has a transmittance of greater than 80% of the visible wavelength, and
wherein the composition comprises 10 to 50% by weight of the base based on the weight of the total composition.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing transition metal compound is at least one of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-C 1-8 -alkylammonium mono-, di- or polychromate, -molybdate or -tungstate.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the oxygen-containing transition metal compound is at least one of an alkali metal, ammonium or mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-C 1-8 -alkyl-ammonium mono-, di- or polymolybdate or -tungstate.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing transition metal compound is ammonium octamolybdate.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of base/oxygen-containing transition metal compound is at least 7:1.
6. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymeric binder.
7. The composition of claim 6 comprising 10 to 80% by weight of the water-soluble or water-dispersible polymeric binder based on the weight of the total composition.
8. The composition of claim 1 comprising 10 to 95% by weight of the aqueous solvent based on the weight of the total composition.
9. The composition of claim 1 comprising 10 to 50% by weight of the oxygen-containing transition metal compound based on the weight of the total composition.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the base is ammonia.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the base is mono-, di- or triethanolamine or dimethylethanolamine.
12. A process for preparing the composition of claim 1 comprising mixing the aqueous solvent with the oxygen containing transition metal compound and the base,
wherein the base is at least one of
an alkali metal hydroxide,
an alkali metal carbonate,
an alkaline earth metal hydroxide,
an alkaline earth metal carbonate,
an ammonium hydroxide,
an ammonium carbonate, or
an amine of the formula (R 2 R 3 R 4 )N,
wherein R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are the same or different, and
wherein R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently hydrogen, C 1-8 -alkyl or aryl, or
wherein R 2 can be hydrogen, C 1-8 -alkyl or aryl and R 3 and R 4 can together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered cyclic ring, and
wherein the C 1-8 -alkyl and aryl may be mono- or polysubstituted with hydroxyl or amino,
wherein the oxygen-containing transition metal compound is at least one of an oxygen-containing chromium, molybdenum or tungsten compound, and
wherein the composition comprises 10 to 50% by weight of the base based on the weight of the total composition.
13. A substrate coated with the composition of claim 1 .
14. A process for preparing a coated substrate comprising coating a substrate with the composition of claim 1 .
15. A process for preparing a marked substrate comprising the steps of i) coating a substrate with the composition of claim 1 , and ii) exposing those parts of the coated substrate, where a marking is intended, to energy in order to generate a marking.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the energy is heat or UV, IR, visible or microwave irradiation.
17. A marked substrate obtainable by the process of claim 15 .