System and apparatus of fluid storage using paver blocks
Systems and methods for a porous pavement system are described. The porous pavement system includes paver blocks designed to facilitate water seepage between the paver blocks and to permit water storage within the blocks. The paver blocks may be cabled together to create paving units that facilitate installation and maintenance of the pavement system. The porous pavement system provides improved management of stormwater, reducing runoff and facilitating infiltration of stormwater into the subgrade below the paving system.
1. A paver block comprising:
an upper surface;
a lower surface opposite the upper surface;
a plurality of sides extending between the upper and the lower surface;
at least one drainage spacer extending along at least a portion of one of the plurality of sides; and
wherein at least one of the lower surface and the plurality of sides of the paver block has a cavity at least partially enclosed by the paver block and wherein the cavity allows fluid storage within the paver block and the volume of the cavity is at least two percent of the volume of the paver block, and wherein:
two of the plurality of sides are substantially planar and opposite each other,
two of the plurality of sides are stepped and opposite each other, and
an opening of the cavity is present on each of the stepped sides.
2. The paver block of claim 1 wherein the cavity extends along the lower surface, the width of the cavity is at least 25 percent of the width of the lower surface, and the height of the cavity is between 25 and 50 percent of the height of one of the sides; and
wherein each of the edges between the upper surface and each of the sides are rounded, creating seepage down the sides of the block.
3. The paver block of claim 1 wherein the upper surface joins the plurality of sides at a rounded edge and wherein an angle, alpha, between at least one of the sides and a vertical plane is equal to or less than about 3 degrees; and
wherein two drainage spacers extend vertically along a majority of the height, H 1 , of each of the substantially planar sides of the paver block.
4. The paver block of claim 1 wherein the cavity is arched;
and wherein the paver block size is about 12 inches wide, 12 inches deep, and 5 inches high.
5. The paver block of claim 4 wherein the cavity has sufficient volume to store at least an inch of rain, which falls on the upper surface of the block, within the cavity of the paver block.
6. The paver block of claim 1 wherein a first stepped side has a first pair of openings and a second stepped side, opposite the first stepped side, has a second pair of openings in communication with the first pair of openings to define a pair of ducts passing through the paver block; and
wherein the stepped sides each include a first planar surface, and wherein, when the block is turned on its side, each stepped side includes a second planar surface stepped higher than the first, a third planar surface opposite the second planar surface stepped an equal height, a fourth planar surface stepped higher than the second planar surface, and a fifth planar surface opposite the fourth planar surface stepped an equal height.
7. The paver block of claim 6 wherein the angle, alpha, between one of the sides and a vertical plane, is greater than or equal to about 1 degree; and
wherein the cavity is an arch extending along the entire bottom surface of the paver block.
8. The paver block of claim 6 , wherein the cavity opening is wider than the width of the first planar surface.
9. The paver block of claim 7 , wherein the arched cavity has an opening that is not as wide as the width between an end of the second step and an end of the third step.
10. The paver block of claim 6 , wherein the openings of the two ducts are located, at least in part, on the steps between the first planar surface and each of the second and third planar surfaces.
11. The paver block of claim 6 , wherein the drainage spacers extend along the substantially planar sides.
12. A paver block comprising:
an upper surface;
a lower surface opposite the upper surface;
a plurality of sides extending between the upper and the lower surface;
at least one drainage spacer extending along at least a portion of one of the plurality of sides;
at least two stepped sides, each stepped side having five planar surfaces;
a pair of ducts going through the block between the stepped sides, wherein each duct is sized to allow a cable to pass therethrough; and
wherein a first of the plurality of sides contains at least one first aperture and a second, opposing side contains at least one second aperture opposing each of the first apertures on the first side, and wherein a fluid passage through the paver block connects the opposing first and second apertures, allowing fluid storage within at least two percent of the volume of the paver block; and
wherein the stepped sides of the block through which the ducts pass will have some angle, alpha, between each side and a vertical plane, and wherein the angle, alpha, is less than 3 degrees.
13. The paver block of claim 12 , further comprising a pair of connecting cables running through the ducts.