Molecular vaccine linking an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone polypeptide to an antigen
This invention provides compositions and methods for inducing and enhancing immune responses, such as antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, using chimeric molecules comprising endoplasmic reticulum chaperone polypeptides and antigenic peptides. In particular, the invention provides compositions and methods for enhancing immune responses induced by polypeptides made in vivo by administered nucleic acid, such as naked DNA or expression vectors, encoding the chimeric molecules. The invention provides a method of inhibiting the growth of a tumor in an individual. The invention also provides novel self-replicating RNA virus constructs for enhancing immune responses induced by chimeric polypeptides made in vivo.
1. An isolated cell which has been modified to comprise a nucleic acid molecule encoding a fusion polypeptide useful as a vaccine composition, which molecule comprises:
(a) a first nucleic acid sequence encoding a first polypeptide that comprises a calreticulin (CRT) polypeptide or a biologically active fragment thereof;
(b) optionally, fused in frame with the first nucleic acid sequence, a linker nucleic acid sequence encoding a linker peptide; and
(c) a second nucleic acid sequence that is linked in frame to said first nucleic acid sequence or to said linker nucleic acid sequence and that encodes an antigenic polypeptide or peptide.
2. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the calreticulin polypeptide or biologically active fragment thereof comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a human calreticulin polypeptide;
(b) the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2;
(c) the amino acid sequence of residues 1-180 of SEQ ID NO: 2; and
(d) the amino acid sequence of residues 181-417 of SEQ ID NO: 2.
3. The cell of claim 1 or 2 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule is operatively linked to
(a) a promoter; and
(b) optionally, additional regulatory sequences that regulate expression of said nucleic acid in a eukaryotic cell.
4. A pharmaceutical composition capable of inducing or enhancing an antigen-specific immune response, comprising
a pharmaceutically and immunologically acceptable excipient in combination with the cell of claim 1 or 2 .
5. A method of inducing or enhancing an antigen specific immune response in a subject comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 4 , thereby inducing or enhancing said response.
6. A method of increasing the numbers or lytic activity of CD8 + CTLs specific for the antigenic polypeptide or peptide comprised by the cell of claim 4 in a subject, comprising administering to said subject an effective number of cells of claim 4 , wherein
said antigenic polypeptide or peptide comprises an epitope that binds to, and is presented on the cell surface by, MHC class I proteins,
thereby increasing the numbers or activity of said CTLs.
7. A method of inhibiting growth or preventing re-growth of a tumor in a subject, comprising administering to said subject an effective number of cells of claim 4 , wherein the antigenic polypeptide or peptide of said cells comprises one or more tumor-associated or tumor-specific epitopes present on said tumor in said subject, thereby inhibiting said growth or preventing said re-growth.