Dissolution of arterial plaque
Embodiments of methods of treating atherosclerosis are described. In some embodiments an emulsifier is provided to achieve levels in the systemic circulation that are effective to solubilize atherosclerotic plaque, resulting in plaque regression. In some embodiments, levels of greater than 50 μM are achieved; in some embodiments levels ranging from about 100 μM to about 600 μM are achieved; in some embodiments, levels ranging from about 100 μM to about 300 μM are achieved. Emulsifiers can include bile salts, saponins, and ionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic detergents, or salts, conjugates, hydrates, solvates, or polymorphs thereof. In some embodiments, a statin can be administered simultaneously or sequentially with an emulsifier.
1. A method of treating atherosclerosis in a patient in need thereof comprising:
administering a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a bile acid consisting of hyodeoxycholic acid, its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or polymorph in an amount effective to achieve a concentration of the hyodeoxycholic acid in the systemic circulation of greater than 50 μM;
wherein the concentration of the hyodeoxycholic acid in the systemic circulation is sustained for a period of at least two hours;
wherein the concentration of the hyodeoxycholic acid is effective to result in regression of an atherosclerotic plaque.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formulation further comprises at least one of a saponin, a detergent, and mixtures thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sustained levels of the bile acid in the systemic circulation are in a range between about 50 μM and about 600 μM.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sustained levels of the bile acid in the systemic circulation are in a range between about 100 μM and about 300 μM.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using a permeability enhancer.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the permeability enhancer comprises at least one of a non-ionic detergent, an ionic detergent, and a zwitterionic detergent.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering a statin either simultaneously or sequentially with the pharmaceutical formulation.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the pharmaceutical formulation further comprises the statin.
9. A method of treating atherosclerosis in a patient in need thereof comprising:
administering a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a bile acid consisting of hyodeoxycholic acid, its acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, or polymorph in an amount effective to achieve a concentration of the hyodeoxycholic acid in the systemic circulation of greater than 50 μM at five minutes after the onset of administration;
wherein the concentration of the hyodeoxycholic acid in the systemic circulation is sustained above 50 μM for a period of at least two hours; and
wherein the concentration of the hyodeoxycholic acid is effective to result in regression of an atherosclerotic plaque.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the sustained levels of the bile acid in the systemic circulation are in a range between about 50 μM and about 600 μM.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the sustained levels of the bile acid in the systemic circulation are in a range between about 100 μM and about 300 μM.