Process for treating sludge and manufacturing bioorganically-augmented high nitrogen-containing inorganic fertilizer
The invention describes a new method for treating sludge, which can result in the production of high nitrogen organically-augmented inorganic fertilizer that incorporates municipal sludges or biosolids or organic sludges that can compete with traditional fertilizers such as ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and urea on the commodity fertilizer marketplace. The method takes advantage of the thixotropic property of dewatered biosolids or organic sludge to create a pumpable paste-like material from the biosolids or organic sludge that is then treated with an oxidizer to reduce odorant effects and an acid. This mix is then interacted with concentrated sulfuric and or phosphoric acids and an ammonia source or alternatively a hot or molten melt or salt of ammonium sulfate/phosphate to form a fertilizer mix. The present invention controls the heat, atmospheric pressure and retention time of the fertilizer mix in the reaction vessel. When a fertilizer melt is formed ammoniation is subsequently completed by the specific use of vaporized ammonia. The invention can also be an add-on to commercial production of ammonium salts. The fertilizer produced by the present invention contains more than 8 wt. % nitrogen and preferably 15 wt. % nitrogen. The invention is oriented to be tailored to the biosolids production for individual municipal waste treatment plants in order to keep the fertilizer manufacturing plants of the present invention small with a minimization of logistics and liability.
1. A method for treating a sludge comprising the steps of:
conditioning the sludge;
continuously feeding the conditioned sludge through at least one pressure vessel;
adding a reactive mixture to the conditioned sludge to form a fertilizer mix, wherein the reactive mixture comprises a hot salt; and
maintaining the fertilizer mix in a stress condition for a retention period;
wherein the sludge is continuously pumpable throughout the at least one pressure vessel.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hot salt comprises a substance selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate and combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hot salt is a hot melt.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein adding the reactive mixture comprises the separate additions of concentrated acid and a base.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein adding the reactive mixture comprises the separate additions of a sludge previously treated with a concentrated acid and a base.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein adding the reactive mixture comprises the separate additions of a previously ammoniated conditioned sludge and a concentrated acid.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the concentrated acid is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, or a combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stress condition comprises agitating the mix and results in partial or complete hydrolysis, denaturation, sterilization, or combinations thereof of components of the sludge.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the components of the sludge are selected from the group consisting of personal pharmaceutical compounds, antibiotics, hormones, hormone-like molecules, other biologically active compounds, macromolecules including proteins, and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sludge is selected from the group consisting of municipal dewatered biosolids, heat-dried biosolids, pharmaceutical fermentation wastes, microbial digests of organic products, food stuffs, food byproducts, animal manures, digested animal manures, organic sludges comprised primarily of microorganisms, and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sludge is a dry or dewatered sludge containing between 12% and 40% solids, between 18% and 30% solids, between 33% and 99% solids, or between 90% and 99% solids.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditioning step comprises adding one or more oxidizing agents, one or more acids, or a combination thereof to the sludge.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the one or more oxidizing agents are selected from a group consisting of calcium ferrate, sodium ferrate, potassium ferrate, hydrogen peroxide, calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, ozone, oxygen, and combinations thereof, and wherein the one or more acids comprise phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adjusting the pH of the mix.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the pH of the mix is adjusted to a value from 4.5 to 6.0 by the addition of a pH control agent.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the pH control agent is selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, anhydrous ammonia, cement kiln dust, lime kiln dust, fluidized bed ash, Class C fly ash and Class F fly ash, multistage burner fly ash, alum, water treatment sludge, wood ash, and combinations thereof.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein steam is produced within the pressure vessel and the temperature of the mix increases due to an exothermic reaction of the components of the mix, and wherein the steam is subsequently removed to create a drying effect on the mix.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the temperature increase of the mix exceeds 100° C., 121° C., 126° C. or 137° C. and, wherein the pressure increase of the mix exceeds 20, 30 or 38 pounds per square inch.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the retention period is a minimum of one minute, from 5 to 30 minutes, or from 10 to 20 minutes.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sludge is made pumpable by mixing the sludge with a force sufficient to make it pumpable or by adding a liquid.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the liquid is blowdown acid-water from a scrubber system.
22. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the sludge in a pugmill.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the sludge is heated by a heated shaft, heated paddle blades, a heated jacketed sleeve surrounding the pugmill, or a combination thereof.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the sludge is heated to 80° F., 95° F. or 111° F.
25. The method of claim 22 , further comprising the step of adding one or more plant nutrients and one or more hardening agents to the mix in the mixer or pugmill,
wherein the one or more plant nutrients are selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, urea ammonium nitrate, liquid urea, potash, iron oxide, soluble iron, chelated iron and combinations thereof; and
wherein the one or more hardening agents are selected from the group consisting of ferric oxides, alum, attapulgite clay, industrial molasses, lignon, ligno sulfonate, urea formaldehyde polymerizer and combinations thereof.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein vaporized ammonia is added to the pressure vessel.
27. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of forming the mix into granules or pellets by granulation or extrusion, and subsequently drying the pellets.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the granules or pellets are dried to greater than 90 weight percent solids, to greater than 98 weight percent solids, or to greater than 99 weight percent solids.
29. The method of claim 27 , further comprising the step of passing the dried granules or pellets through one or more screens to separate oversized materials and undersized materials from proper-sized product.
30. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of
passing the mix through a second mixer or pugmill,
forming the mix into granules or pellets by granulation or extrusion,
drying the granules or pellets,
passing the dried granules or pellets through one or more screens to separate oversized materials and undersized materials from proper-sized product, and
reintroducing the crushed oversized materials to the mix in the second mixer or pugmill.
31. The method of claim 30 , further comprising the step of crushing the oversized materials in a crusher or mill.
32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the undersized materials comprise dust.
33. The method of claim 30 , further comprising the step of cooling the dried granules or pellets in a cooling apparatus, wherein the dried granules or pellets are cooled to 140° F. or less, 130° F. or less, or 120° F. or less.
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the cooling apparatus is a fluidized bed, a rotating drum.
35. The method of claim 34 , further comprising the step of coating the dried granules or pellets with a dedusting or glazing material to reduce abrasion and dust generation, wherein the dedusting material is applied to the granules or pellets within the cooling apparatus.
36. The method of claim 1 wherein there are three pressure vessels, each filled successively, to permit a continuous batch processing of the fertilizer mix under defined temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions and retention time.
37. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of passing the mix through a mixer or pugmill that follows the pressure vessel in the processing sequence.
38. The method of claim 37 , wherein the mix formed in the pressure vessel is an ammonia melt containing incomplete ammoniation with excess acid.
39. The method of claim 38 , wherein the mix is treated with ammonia to complete the ammoniation process forming an ammonium salt in a sparger in the mixer or pugmill.
40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the ammonia is converted from a liquid to superheated ammonia vapor prior to being introduced into the sparger.
41. The method of claim 40 , wherein the conversion to superheated ammonia vapor is accomplished by applying a direct heater to an ammonia delivery line or by applying excess heat recovered by a heat exchanger from elsewhere in the process to the liquid ammonia.
42. The method of claim 41 , wherein the ammonia vapor is superheated with the temperature controlled at 120-200° F., or at 170-180° F., and a pressure controlled at 90 to 120 psig.