Transgenic plants having anthelmintic activity and methods of producing them
The present invention provides DNA constructs, transgenic plants containing such constructs, and methods of making the plants. The DNA constructs encode a polypeptide that when expressed results in the production of fatty acid compounds having anthelmintic activity. Transgenic plants expressing such a polypeptide can exhibit enhanced resistance to plant parasitic nematodes, particularly when expressed in vegetative tissues. Transgenic plants expressing such a polypeptide can also be useful for non-pesticidal industrial uses.
1. A transgenic plant comprising at least one DNA construct, said construct comprising:
(a) a codon-optimized nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide effective for catalysing the conversion of a substrate to a C16, C18, or C20 monounsaturated fatty acid product, wherein said polypeptide has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:136, wherein said fatty acid product has the following structure:
wherein X is hydrogen, CoA, glycerol, a monoglyceride, a diglyceride, ACP, methyl, Na+, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine, and wherein R3 is C2, C4, or C6 alkyl; and
(b) a regulatory element operably linked to said codon-optimized nucleic acid encoding said polypeptide, wherein said regulatory element confers expression in a vegetative tissue of said plant, and wherein said transgenic plant has anthelmintic activity, said at least one DNA construct further comprises at least one regulatory element that confers expression in vegetative tissues of a plant operably linked to a nucleic acid that encodes a PDAT or DAGAT polypeptide.
2. A transgenic plant comprising at least one DNA construct, said construct comprising:
(a) a codon-optimized nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide effective for catalysing the conversion of a substrate to a C16, C18, or C20 monounsaturated fatty acid product, wherein said polypeptide has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:136, wherein said fatty acid product has the following structure:
wherein X is hydrogen, CoA, glycerol, a monoglyceride, a diglyceride, ACP, methyl, Na+, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine, and wherein R3 is C2, C4, or C6 alkyl; and
(b) a regulatory element operably linked to said codon-optimized nucleic acid encoding said polypeptide, wherein said regulatory element confers expression in a vegetative tissue of said plant, and wherein said transgenic plant has anthelmintic activity; and said plant further comprising a second DNA construct, said second DNA construct comprising at least one regulatory element that confers expression in vegetative tissues of a plant operably linked to a nucleic acid that encodes a PDAT or DAGAT polypeptide.
3. A method of making a transgenic plant having anthelmintic activity, said method comprising introducing a DNA construct into a plant, wherein said construct comprises:
(a) a codon-optimized nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide effective for catalysing the conversion of a substrate to a C16, C18, or C20 monounsaturated fatty acid product, wherein said polypeptide has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:136, wherein said fatty acid product has the following structure:
wherein X is hydrogen, CoA, glycerol, a monoglyceride, a diglyceride, ACP, methyl, Na+, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine, and wherein R3 is C2, C4, or C6 alkyl; and
(b) a regulatory element operably linked to said codon-optimized nucleic acid encoding said polypeptide, wherein said regulatory element confers expression in a vegetative tissue of said plant.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said regulatory element of said construct is a 5′-regulatory element.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said 5′-regulatory element comprises a potato ribosomal protein S27a Ubi3 promoter, a RB7 promoter, an alfalfa histone H3.2 promoter, an IRT2 promoter, an Arabidopsis FAD2 5′-UTR, an Arabidopsis FAD3 5′-UTR, a Ubi3 5′-UTR, an alfalfa histone H3.2 5′-UTR, and a CaMV35S 5′-UTR.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein said regulatory element comprises a first 5′-regulatory element operably linked to a second 5′-regulatory element, wherein said first 5′-regulatory element is an Ubi3 promoter and said second 5′-regulatory element is selected from the group consisting of an Arabidopsis FAD2 5′-UTR, an Arabidopsis FAD3 5′-UTR, a potato ribosomal protein S27a 5′-UTR, a Ubi3 5′-UTR, and a CaMV35S 5′-UTR.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein said DNA construct further comprises a 3′-regulatory element.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said 5′-regulatory element comprises SEQ ID NO: 43 or SEQ ID NO: 44 and said 3′-UTR comprises SEQ ID NO: 45.
9. A method of making a transgenic plant having anthelmintic activity, said method comprising introducing a DNA construct into a plant, wherein said construct comprises:
(a) a codon-optimized nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide effective for catalysing the conversion of a substrate to a C16, C18, or C20 monounsaturated fatty acid product, wherein said polypeptide has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:136, wherein said fatty acid product has the following structure:
wherein X is hydrogen, CoA, glycerol, a monoglyceride, a diglyceride, ACP, methyl, Na+, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine, and wherein R3 is C2, C4, or C6 alkyl;
(b) a regulatory element operably linked to said codon-optimized nucleic acid encoding said polypeptide, wherein said regulatory element confers expression in a vegetative tissue of said plant; and
(c) a regulatory element that confers expression in vegetative tissues of a plant operably linked to a nucleic acid that encodes a PDAT or DAGAT polypeptide.
10. A transgenic plant prepared by a method comprising introducing a DNA construct into a plant, wherein said construct comprises:
(a) a codon-optimized nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide effective for catalysing the conversion of a substrate to a C16, C18, or C20 monounsaturated fatty acid product, wherein said polypeptide has at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:136, wherein said fatty acid product has the following structure:
wherein X is hydrogen, CoA, glycerol, a monoglyceride, a diglyceride, ACP, methyl, Na+, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine, and wherein R3 is C2, C4, or C6 alkyl; and
(b) a regulatory element operably linked to said codon-optimized nucleic acid encoding said polypeptide, wherein said regulatory element confers expression in a vegetative tissue of said plant.
11. The transgenic plant according to claim 10 , wherein the double bond between the 9th and 10th carbons is cis.
12. The transgenic plant according to claim 10 , wherein the double bond between the 9th and 10th carbons is trans.
13. The transgenic plant according to claim 10 , wherein said regulatory element is a 5′-regulatory element.
14. The transgenic plant of claim 13 , wherein said 5′-regulatory element confers expression in root tissue.
15. The transgenic plant of claim 14 , said plant having a significantly increased amount of a epoxy-fatty acid in roots of said plant relative to a corresponding plant that lacks said DNA construct.
16. The transgenic plant of claim 15 , wherein said epoxy-fatty acid is vernolic acid.
17. The transgenic plant of claim 16 , wherein said vernolic acid constitutes from about 0.1% to about 25% of the total fatty acid content of said roots.
18. The transgenic plant of claim 13 , wherein said 5′-regulatory element is selected from the group consisting of a potato ribosomal protein S27a Ubi3 promoter, a RB7 promoter, an alfalfa histone H3.2 promoter, an IRT2 promoter, an Arabidopsis FAD2 5′-UTR, an Arabidopsis FAD3 5′-UTR, a Ubi3 5′-UTR, an alfalfa histone H3.2 5′-UTR, and a CaMV35S 5′-UTR.
19. The transgenic plant of claim 10 , wherein said regulatory element comprises a first 5′-regulatory element operably linked to a second 5′-regulatory element, wherein said first 5′-regulatory element is an Ubi3 promoter and said second 5′-regulatory element is selected from the group consisting of an Arabidopsis FAD2 5′-UTR, an Arabidopsis FAD3 5′-UTR, a potato ribosomal protein S27a 5′-UTR, a Ubi3 5′-UTR, and a CaMV35S 5′-UTR.
20. The transgenic plant of claim 13 , wherein said DNA construct further comprises a 3′-regulatory element.
21. The transgenic plant of claim 20 , wherein said 3′-regulatory element comprises a Ubi3 terminator or an E9 pea terminator.
22. The transgenic plant of claim 13 , wherein said 5′-regulatory element is selected from the group consisting of an Arabidopsis FAD2 5′-UTR and an Arabidopsis FAD3 5′-UTR and said 3′-regulatory element is selected from the group consisting of an Arabidopsis FAD2 3′-UTR and an Arabidopsis FAD3 3′-UTR.
23. The transgenic plant of claim 22 , wherein said 5′-regulatory element comprises SEQ ID NOS: 43 or 44 and said 3′-regulatory element comprises SEQ ID NO: 45.
24. The transgenic plant of claim 20 , wherein R3 is C2 alkyl or C4 alkyl.
25. The transgenic plant of claim 10 , where said plant is selected from the group consisting of tobacco, tomato, soybean, corn, cotton, rice, wheat, banana, carrot, potato, strawberry and turf grass.