Liquefying de-watered sludge preparatory to drying

1. Procedure for liquefying solid sewage sludge, being sludge that has a solids content of twenty-five percent or more, including:

raising the temperature of the sludge to at least sixty degC;

at that temperature, shearing the sludge violently enough, and for long enough, to liquefy the sludge, whereby the sludge then has a viscosity of 12,000 centipoise or less.

2. Procedure for liquefying solid sewage sludge, being sludge that has a solids content of twenty-five percent or more, including:

raising the temperature of the sludge to at least sixty degC;

at that temperature, shearing the sludge violently enough, and for long enough, to liquefy the sludge, whereby the sludge then has a viscosity of 12,000 centipoise or less;

providing a liquefaction reactor, which is structurally suitable for containing the de-watered sludge;

providing a shearing apparatus, having shearing blades and a motor;

where the shearing apparatus is physically capable of, and suitable for, moving the shearing blades violently enough to tear open biological cells in the batch of de-watered sludge in the liquefaction reactor; and

operating the motor to shear the sludge in the reactor.

3. Procedure as in claim 2 , including:

either:

feeding the sludge through the liquefaction reactor in batches, the mass of the solids content of one batch of sludge being SC tonnes;

operating the motor to shear the sludge in the batch in the reactor, at such power and for such duration that the batch of sludge experiences at least Mmin kilowatt-hours of shearing;

where Mmin equals SC multiplied by five;

or:

feeding the sludge through the liquefaction reactor continuously, at an averaged throughput rate of TP tonnes of the solids content of the de-watered sludge, per hour;

operating the motor to shear the sludge passing through the reactor at a power of MPmin kilowatts;

where MPmin equals TP multiplied by five.

4. Procedure as in claim 3 , including:

either:

operating the motor to shear the sludge in the batch in the reactor, at such power and for such duration that the batch of sludge experiences no more than Mmax kilowatt-hours of shearing;

where Mmax equals SC multiplied by twenty;

or:

operating the motor to shear the sludge passing through the reactor at a power of no more than MPmax kilowatts;

where MPmax equals TP multiplied by twenty.

5. Procedure as in claim 4 , wherein the motor has a power rating, per tonne of solids content in the sludge in the liquefaction reactor, of PR kilowatts, where PR lies between SC multiplied by ten and SC multiplied by forty.

6. Procedure as in claim 2 , including, while shearing and heating the sludge in the reactor, also raising the pH of the sludge in the reactor to no more than pH-9.

7. Procedure as in claim 2 , including, while shearing the sludge in the reactor, raising the temperature of the sludge in the reactor to seventy degC or more.

8. Procedure as in claim 2 , including shearing the sludge violently enough, and for long enough, to drive the viscosity of the liquefied sludge down below 8,000 centipoise.

9. Procedure as in claim 2 , including providing a drying apparatus, and so drying the liquefied sludge therein that the dried sludge has a solids content of fifty percent, or more.

10. Procedure as in claim 9 , including:

providing the drying apparatus in the form of a drum-dryer, having a rotary heated drum, and having a scraper;

so arranging the drying apparatus that:

a lower portion of the drum lies in contact with the liquid sludge, whereby sludge is picked up on the surface of the rotating drum; and

the sludge is dried by direct contact with the heated drum, and becomes substantially non-liquid;

so arranging the scraper as to scrape the dried sludge off the drum, thereby preventing the dried sludge from re-entering the liquid sludge; and

collecting the scraped-off dried sludge, and conveying the same away from the drying apparatus.

11. Procedure as in claim 9 , including:

providing the drying apparatus in the form of a hot-air dryer, having an air-heater, and having a hot-air-chamber for containing heated air;

spraying or dripping the liquefied sludge into and through the hot-air-chamber, whereby the sludge dries and becomes substantially non-liquid; and

collecting the dried sludge, and conveying the same away from the drying apparatus.

12. Procedure as in claim 9 , including:

so drying the sludge the liquefied sludge that the dried sludge has a solids content of sixty percent, or more; and

conveying the dried sludge from the drying apparatus into an incinerator apparatus, which is effective to ignite and incinerate the dried sludge.

13. Procedure as in claim 12 , including conveying the dried sludge from the drying apparatus into the incinerator apparatus while the dried sludge is still in a hot condition.

14. A sewage sludge treatment station, wherein:

the station is suitable for preparing sewage sludge for drying;

the station includes a de-watering apparatus, which is effective to remove enough water from incoming sludge that the solids content level of resulting de-watered sludge is twenty-five percent or more;

the station includes a liquefaction reactor, which is physically suitable for receiving de-watered sludge from the de-watering apparatus;

the station includes an operable shearing apparatus, having shearing blades, which is effective, when operated, to shear sludge in the reactor;

the shearing apparatus is physically capable of, and suitable for, moving the shearing blades violently enough to tear open biological cells in the batch of de-watered sludge in the liquefaction reactor;

the shearing apparatus includes a motor, which is physically suitable for moving the shearing blades violently enough to tear open biological cells in the sludge in the reactor;

the station includes a heating apparatus, which is effective to heat the de-watered sludge in the reactor to a temperature of sixty degC or hotter; and

the shearing apparatus and the heating apparatus are of such structure as to be physically capable of liquefying the de-watered sludge in the reactor to a viscosity of 12,000 centipoise or less.

15. Station as in claim 14 , wherein the station also includes a drying apparatus, for drying the liquefied sludge from the reactor.

16. Station as in claim 15 , wherein the station also includes an incinerator, for incinerating the dried sludge from the drying apparatus.