Methods of cementing with lightweight cement composition
Foamed cement compositions comprising density reducing additives and methods of making and using the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of cementing is disclosed. The method of cementing comprises preparing a base cement composition comprising a cement, a water, and a density reducing additive, wherein the base cement composition comprises a base density. The method further comprises introducing a gas to the base cement composition to provide a cement composition having a density less than the base density and allowing the cement composition to set.
1. A method of cementing a wellbore in a subterranean formation, comprising:
selecting a target density of a final cement composition, wherein the target density is from about 5 to about 7.5 pounds per gallon of cement composition;
forming a base cement composition, wherein the base cement composition has a first density greater than the target density by a density factor of from about 1.01 to about 1.4, and wherein the base cement composition comprises a cement, a water, and a density reducing additive;
adding a sufficient amount of a gas to the base cement composition to reduce the first density to about the target density, thereby forming the final cement composition;
placing the final cement composition in the wellbore; and
allowing the final cement composition to set.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target density causes the final cement composition to exert a force on the formation that is less than about a fracture gradient of the wellbore.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target density is from about 5 to about 6 pounds per gallon of cement composition.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target density is from about 5 to less than 6 pounds per gallon of cement composition.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the final cement composition has a compressive strength from about 500 to about 1,500 psi.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the final cement composition comprises from about 10 to about 30 volume percent of the gas.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the final cement composition has a compressive strength from about 200 to about 3,000 psi.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the density factor is from about 1.01 to about 1.3.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the density factor is from about 1.2 to about 1.3.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas is introduced at a constant rate or a ramped rate to yield a constant down hole foam concentration or target density.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein adding gas to the base cement composition comprises injecting gas into the base cement composition.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the gas comprises nitrogen.
13. A method of cementing a wellbore in a subterranean formation, comprising:
selecting a target density of a final cement composition;
forming a base cement composition, wherein the base cement composition has a first density greater than the target density by a density factor of from about 1.01 to about 1.4, and wherein the base cement composition comprises a cement, a water, and a density reducing additive;
adding a sufficient amount of a gas to the base cement composition to reduce the first density to about the target density, thereby forming the final cement composition;
placing the final cement composition in the wellbore; and
allowing the final cement composition to set, wherein the final cement composition has a tensile strength of from about 30 psi to about 500 psi.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the final cement composition has a tensile strength of from about 50 psi to about 150 psi.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the target density is from about 5 to about 7.5 pounds per gallon of cement composition.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the target density is from about 7.5 to about 12 pounds per gallon of cement composition.
17. A method of cementing a wellbore in a subterranean formation, comprising:
selecting a target density of a final cement composition;
forming a base cement composition, wherein the base cement composition has a first density greater than the target density by a density factor of from about 1.01 to about 1.4, and wherein the base cement composition comprises a cement, a water, and a density reducing additive;
adding a sufficient amount of gas to the base cement composition to reduce the first density to about the target density, thereby forming the final cement composition;
placing the final cement composition in the wellbore; and
allowing the final cement composition to set, wherein the final cement composition has a Young's modulus of from about 60,000 to about 6,000,000.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the final cement composition has a Young's modulus of from about 200,000 to about 900,000.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the target density is from about 5 to about 7.5 pounds per gallon of cement composition.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the target density is from about 7.5 to about 12 pounds per gallon of cement composition.
21. A method of cementing a wellbore in a subterranean formation, comprising:
selecting a target density of a final cement composition;
forming a base cement composition, wherein the base cement composition has a first density greater than the target density by a density factor of from about 1.01 to about 1.4, and wherein the base cement composition comprises a cement, a water, and a density reducing additive;
adding a sufficient amount of a gas to the base cement composition to reduce the first density to about the target density, thereby forming the final cement composition;
placing the final cement composition in the wellbore; and
allowing the final cement composition to set, wherein the density reducing additive comprises hollow glass beads, pozzolanic microspheres, solid beads, or combinations thereof.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the target density is from about 5 to about 7.5 pounds per gallon of cement composition.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the target density is from about 7.5 to about 12 pounds per gallon of cement composition.
24. A method of cementing a wellbore in a subterranean formation, comprising:
selecting a target density of a final cement composition;
forming a base cement composition, wherein the base cement composition has a first density greater than the target density by a density factor of from about 1.01 to about 1.4, and wherein the base cement composition comprises a cement, a water, and a density reducing additive;
adding a sufficient amount of a gas to the base cement composition to reduce the first density to about the target density, thereby forming the final cement composition;
placing the final cement composition in the wellbore; and
allowing the final cement composition to set, wherein adding gas to the base cement composition comprises adding an expanding agent comprising foaming agents, foam stabilizing agents, expanding additives, or combinations thereof to the base cement composition.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the target density is from about 5 to about 7.5 pounds per gallon of cement composition.
26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the target density is from about 7.5 to about 12 pounds per gallon of cement composition.