Pharmaceutical gallium compositions and methods
Novel pharmaceutical gallium compositions, including gallium complexes having increased oral bioavailability relative to uncomplexed gallium salts are disclosed. Such compositions are useful in the treatment of conditions and diseases in which inhibition of abnormally increased calcium resorption is desired, including cancer, hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, osteopenia and Paget's disease. Methods for preparation and treatment are also provided.
1. A method for treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of gallium and a compound represented by structural formula I:
2-OH—Ar—CR 1 —NR 2 —R 3 —COOH I
wherein 2-OH—Ar is an optionally substituted 2-hydroxyaryl;
R 1 is —OH or ═O;
R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or C 2 -C 4 alkenyl; and
R 3 is an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 2 -C 20 alkenyl, C 2 -C 20 alkynl, C 1 -C 10 alkylaryl, C 1 -C 10 arylalkyl, C 2 -C 10 alkenylaryl, C 2 -C 10 arylalkenyl, C 2 -C 10 alkynylaryl or C 2 -C 10 arylalkynyl, which optionally is interrupted by O, N, S or any combination thereof,
and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient,
wherein a complex of gallium and the compound is prepared prior to administration of the complex to the patient.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is represented by the formula:
wherein Z is H or a halo and n is 3-11.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein Z is H and n is 7 or 9, or Z is chlorine and n is 3.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein n is 9.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gallium is radioactive.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the gallium is gallium-67.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein gallium-67 is administered at the site of a tumor.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gallium is administered in the range from about 0.25 mg/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day.
9. A pharmaceutical composition for treatment of cancer in a patient in need of such treatment comprising, in solid form for oral administration, a therapeutically effective amount of gallium, a compound represented by structural formula I:
2-OH—Ar—CR 1 —NR 2 —R 3 —COOH I
wherein 2-OH—Ar is an optionally substituted 2-hydroxyaryl;
R 1 is —OH or ═O;
R 2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, or C 2 -C 4 alkenyl; and
R 3 is an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, C 1 -C 24 alkyl, C 2 -C 20 alkenyl, C 2 -C 20 alkynl, C 1 -C 10 alkylaryl, C 1 -C 10 arylalkyl, C 2 -C 10 alkenylaryl, C 2 -C 10 arylalkenyl, C 2 -C 10 alkynylaryl or C 2 -C 10 arylalkynyl, which optionally is interrupted by O, N, S or any combination thereof,
means to inhibit, under the acidic conditions of the stomach, dissociation of a complex formed by the gallium and the compound,
and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 , wherein the means to inhibit dissociation of the gallium complex under the acidic conditions of the stomach comprises a hydrogel, a liposome, an enteric coating, or combinations thereof.
11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 , wherein the gallium is provided in the form of gallium nitrate, gallium chloride, gallium citrate or gallium sulfate.