Low embodied energy wallboards and methods of making same
View Patent ↗Wallboards, as well as other building materials, are produced by methods which use significantly reduced embodied energy, generating far less greenhouse gases when compared with the energy used to fabricate gypsum wallboard. A novel cementitious core, consisting in one embodiment of post-industrial waste such as slag and combined with pH modifiers, provides a controlled exothermic reaction to create a gypsum-wallboard-like core which can be wrapped in a selected material such as recycled paper and manufactured on a conveyor system to appear, weigh and handle similar to gypsum wallboard, but without the large amounts of energy required to make gypsum wallboard. The manufacturing process results in lower greenhouse gas emissions than the processes used to make gypsum wallboard.
1. A wallboard comprising:
at least one post-industrial waste product substantially free of gypsum-based compositions selected from the group consisting of: steel slag, blast furnace slag, metal purification slag, expanded perlite by-product, lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust;
less than fifty percent (50%) by weight of fly ash; and
at least one pH modifier.
2. The wallboard of claim 1 wherein said pH modifier comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of: calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate or calcium aluminate.
3. The wallboard of claim 1 further comprising water.
4. The wallboard of claim 1 wherein the post-industrial waste comprises approximately 60 percent (60%) or more of the total weight of the wallboard.
5. The wallboard of claim 1 , further comprising fibers selected from the group consisting of: biofibers, nylon, fiberglass, cellulose and recycled petroleum waste.
6. The wallboard of claim 1 further comprising a filler of foam.
7. The wallboard of claim 1 further comprising paper on one or both sides.
8. A method of fabricating a low-embodied energy building material, comprising:
forming a dry mix comprising less than 50% by weight fly ash and at least one post-industrial waste products, said post-industrial waste products being selected from the group consisting of steel slag, blast furnace slag, metal purification slag, expanded perlite by-product, lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust;
adding to said dry mix at least one pH modifier, wherein said pH modifier comprises one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of: calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate or calcium aluminate;
adding water to said dry mix to form an initial slurry in a slurry line; and
allowing the initial slurry to set without the application of heat.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising a step of: cutting the set slurry to a desired shape.
10. The method of claim 8 further comprising a step of: adding a retarder material to the slurry to increase the time taken for the slurry to set.
11. The method of claim 8 further comprising a step of: adding an accelerator material to the slurry to decrease the time taken for the slurry to set.
12. The method of claim 8 further comprising a step of: pouring the slurry into a mold of desired shape.
13. The low-embodied energy wallboard of claim 1 , wherein said wallboard comprises greater than fifty percent (50%) of said at least one post-industrial waste product.
14. A low-embodied energy wallboard, comprising:
at least one paper outer layer covering a core containing at least 5% lime kiln dust by weight;
water;
at least one pH modifying agent; and
less than fifty percent (50%) by weight fly ash.
15. A low-embodied energy wallboard, comprising:
at least one substantially gypsum free industrial waste by-product composition comprising at least 5% kiln dust by weight,
less than fifty percent (50%) by weight fly ash; and
a pH modifying agent.