Catalytic oxychlorination
A process is disclosed for the catalytic oxychlorination of an olefin. In the process a feed containing the olefin, O 2 and HCl is contacted with an oxychlorination catalyst. The O 2 /2HCl ratio in the feed is in the range of from 0.50 to 0.58. Catalyst compositions for use in the oxychlorination reaction, in particular the oxychlorination of ethylene, are also disclosed. The catalyst compositions are in the form of particles suitable for use in fluid bed reactors, in particular baffled fluid bed reactors. Preferred catalyst materials comprise from 5.5 wt % to 14 wt % Cu. They may further comprise an earth alkali metal, such as Mg, and/or a rare earth metal. Preferred compositions contain less than 1 wt % of an alkali metal, which preferably is K.
1. A catalytic oxychlorination process comprising the step of contacting a feed containing an olefin, oxygen, and hydrogen chloride with an oxychlorination catalyst comprising copper, at least one rare earth metal and less than 1 wt % of an alkali metal, in a baffled fluid bed reactor, whereby the O 2 /2HCl ratio in the feed is in the range of from 0.50 to 0.58.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the olefin is ethylene.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the HCl conversion is at least 99.4%, and the process has an EDC selectivity of at least 98.5%.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the oxychlorination catalyst comprises from 5.5 wt % to 14 wt % copper.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein the oxychlorination catalyst further comprises an alkali earth metal.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein the alkali earth metal is magnesium and wherein the oxychlorination catalyst comprises from 0.2 wt % to 5 wt % magnesium.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the alkali metal is potassium and wherein the oxychlorination catalyst comprises less than 1 wt % potassium.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the oxychlorination catalyst comprises from 0.2 wt % to 5 wt % of the at least one rare earth metal.
9. The process of claim 8 wherein the at least one rare earth metal comprises cerium.
10. The process of claim 8 wherein the at least one rare earth metal comprises lanthanum.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein the oxychlorination catalyst further comprises a carrier selected from the group of refractory oxides.
12. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the refractory oxide is alumina.
13. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the refractory oxide is gamma-alumina.
14. The process of claim 11 wherein the oxychlorination catalyst is prepared in a process comprising co-precipitation of the refractory oxide and a copper compound.
15. The process of claim 11 , wherein the oxychlorination catalyst is prepared in a process comprising impregnation of the refractory oxide with an aqueous solution of a copper compound.
16. The process according to claim 15 wherein the copper compound is CuCl 2 .
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein O 2 /2HCl ratio in the feed is in the range of from above about 0.52 to below 0.56.