Line-Voltage-Powered Thermoelectric Device
An apparatus, which may be a heater or cooler, includes a thermoelectric device group having at least one thermoelectric device and an electrical subsystem. The electrical subsystem interfaces the thermoelectric device group to an alternating current (AC) line voltage without utilizing a magnetically coupled structure. In some embodiments the electrical subsystem supplies a rectified signal having a voltage approximately equal to the magnitude of the AC line voltage. In some embodiments the AC line voltage is a standard line voltage of about 90 V to about 250 V.
1 . An apparatus comprising a thermoelectric device interfaced to an alternating current (AC) line voltage without utilizing a magnetically coupled structure.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a second thermoelectric device electrically coupled in series with the first mentioned thermoelectric device and thermally coupled in parallel with the first mentioned thermoelectric device.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a power circuit operable to provide a unipolar signal derived from the AC line voltage to the thermoelectric device.
4 . The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the power circuit is configured to selectively decouple, at times, the thermoelectric device from the unipolar signal.
5 . The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the power circuit is configured to selectively reverse the polarity of the unipolar signal.
6 . The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the AC line voltage has an RMS magnitude of about 90 VAC to about 250 VAC.
7 . The apparatus of claim 3 wherein:
the power circuit comprises a rectifying circuit coupled directly to the AC line voltage operably provided thereto, said rectifying circuit for generating a rectified line voltage signal on an output thereof;
wherein the thermoelectric device is coupled directly to the output of the rectifying circuit.
8 . The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the rectified line voltage signal has a peak amplitude at least as large as the RMS voltage of the AC line voltage.
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the thermoelectric device comprises a thin-film thermoelectric device.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
an object thermally coupled to the thermoelectric device.
11 . The apparatus of claim 10 wherein:
the object comprises a reservoir for holding a liquid.
12 . The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the apparatus comprises a bottled water cooler or a water fountain cooler.
13 . A method of operating a thermoelectric device, the method comprising:
receiving an alternating current (AC) line voltage;
generating a unipolar line voltage signal derived from the AC line voltage; and
coupling at times the unipolar line voltage signal to one or more thermoelectric devices.
14 . The method of claim 13 wherein the AC line voltage has an RMS magnitude of about 90 VAC to about 250 VAC.
15 . The method of claim 13 wherein the unipolar line voltage signal has a peak amplitude at least as large as the RMS voltage of the AC line voltage.
16 . The method of claim 13 wherein the unipolar line voltage signal is generated without utilizing any magnetically coupled structures.
17 . The method of claim 13 further comprising, at times, reversing the polarity of the unipolar line voltage signal.
18 . The method of claim 13 wherein said one or more thermoelectric devices comprises a thin-film thermoelectric device.
19 . The method of claim 13 wherein:
said generating a unipolar line voltage signal comprises coupling a rectifying circuit directly to the AC line voltage, and generating a rectified line voltage signal on an output thereof; and
said coupling at times the unipolar line voltage signal to one or more thermoelectric devices comprises coupling, at times, the thermoelectric device directly to the output of the rectifying circuit.
20 . The method of claim 13 further comprising:
thermally coupling an object to be heated and/or cooled to the thermoelectric device.
21 . An apparatus comprising:
a thermoelectric device;
means for generating a unipolar line voltage signal derived from an AC line voltage operably coupled thereto, and for coupling, at times, the thermoelectric device to the unipolar line voltage signal.
22 . The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said means is configured to selectively decouple, at times, the thermoelectric device from the unipolar signal.
23 . The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said means is configured to selectively reverse the polarity of the unipolar signal.
24 . The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the AC line voltage has an RMS magnitude of about 90 VAC to about 250 VAC.
25 . The apparatus of claim 21 wherein the unipolar signal has a peak amplitude at least as large as the RMS voltage of the AC line voltage.
26 . A method for making a product, the method comprising:
forming a power circuit having an input for operably receiving an alternating current (AC) line voltage, said power circuit for operably generating on an output thereof a unipolar line voltage signal derived from the AC line voltage; and
coupling one or more thermoelectric devices to the output of the power circuit.
27 . The method of claim 26 wherein the power circuit includes no magnetically coupled structures.
28 . The method of claim 26 wherein the power circuit is configured to operate with an AC line voltage having an RMS magnitude of about 90 VAC to about 250 VAC.
29 . The method of claim 26 further comprising:
thermally coupling an object to be heated and/or cooled to said one or more thermoelectric devices.
30 . The method of claim 26 wherein each thermoelectric device comprises a thin-film thermoelectric device.