Process for the large scale production of Stavudine
The present invention provides a method for preparing pure Stavudine having purity more than 99.5% comprises: i) Converting 3′,5′-anhydrothymidine to crude Stavudine, ii) Converting crude Stavudine to stable solvates of Stavudine, iii) Desolvation of the solvates to give pure Stavudine. The present invention also disclosed novel solvates of Stavudine and conversion of novel Stavudine solvates to Stavudine.
1. A solvated form of Stavudine, wherein the solvent is selected from N,N-Dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) or N,N-Dimethylethyleneurea (DMEU).
2. The solvated form of Stavudine of claim 1 , wherein the solvated form of Stavudine is Stavudine N,N-Dimethylpropyleneurea solvate.
3. The solvated form of Stavudine of claim 1 , wherein the solvated form of Stavudine is Stavudine N,N-Dimethylethyleneurea solvate.
4. A process for making the solvated form of Stavudine of claim 1 comprising the steps of;
a) reacting Stavudine with a solvent selected from N,N-Dimethylpropyleneurea or N,N-Dimethylethyleneurea;
b) precipitating the solvated form of Stavudine and a solvent selected from N,N-Dimethylpropyleneurea or N,N-Dimethylethyleneurea; and
c) filtering the product of step b) to obtain the solvated form of Stavudine and a solvent selected from N,N-Dimethylpropyleneurea or N,N-Dimethylethyleneurea.
5. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein in the step a) the reaction is performed in an organic solvent selected from alcohol or ketone.
6. The process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol and isobutanol.
7. The process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone.
8. An improved process for the preparation of Stavudine comprising the steps of:
a) heating 3′,5′-anhydrothymidine in acetonitrile in potassium t-butoxide;
b) adding methanol to the reaction mass;
c) neutralizing with an acid and filtering the reaction mass to remove the insoluble salts;
d) evaporating the solvent from the filtered mass;
e) dissolving the crude Stavudine in an organic solvent which is selected from alcohol or ketone, wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol and isobutanol, and the ketone is selected from the group consisting of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone;
f) treating with a solvent selected from the group consisting of N,N-Dimethylpropyleneurea, N,N-Dimethylethyleneurea and their mixtures thereof in an organic solvent to precipitate corresponding Stavudine solvate which is isolated from the reaction mixture; and
g) desolvating the Stavudine solvate in a solvent is selected from water, alcohol, or ketone, wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol and isobutanol, and the ketone is selected from the group consisting of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone.
9. The process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the step a) is carried out at reflux temperature.
10. The process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein in the step g) said desolvating is carried out at room temperature to reflux temperature.
11. The process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the solvent in step e) is an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol and isobutanol.
12. The process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the solvent in step e) is a ketone selected from the group consisting of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone.
13. The improved process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the obtained Stavudine from the process is in crystalline form-I of which powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Pattern is shown in FIG. 1 .
14. The process as claimed in claim 10 , wherein said reflux temperature is at 50-60° C.