Absorption spectroscopy apparatus and method
An absorption spectroscopy apparatus including an elliptical mirror centered on the midpoint between a source/detector and a mirror. The cavity between the elliptical mirror and the source/bolometer and mirror defines an interior volume of a sample cell. Electromagnetic radiation from the source/detector travels along a multi-segment path starting from the source/bolometer toward the elliptical mirror, reflecting off of the elliptical mirror and traveling toward the mirror, reflecting off of the mirror and traveling back toward the elliptical mirror and finally reflecting off the elliptical mirror for a second time and returning toward the source/bolometer. The multiple reflections combined with the focusing effects of the elliptical mirrored surface result in an efficient sampling device. Among other aspects and advantages, the apparatus of the present disclosure is able to use incoherent, non-collimated light sources while maintaining high optical throughput efficiencies.
1. An absorption spectroscopy apparatus comprising:
a sample cell defining a sample volume including:
an elliptical contoured mirror;
a source/bolometer disposed opposite to the elliptical contoured mirror, the source/bolometer emitting electromagnetic radiation toward the elliptical contoured mirror; and
a mirror disposed opposite to the elliptical contoured mirror, the mirror configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation received from the elliptical contoured mirror back toward the elliptical contoured mirror, light emitted by the source/bolometer traveling along more than one optical path through the sample volume and being reflected back toward the source/bolometer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a window positioned between source/bolometer and the sample volume.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the mirror is mounted on a surface of the window between source/bolometer and the sample volume.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an optical filter positioned between the source/bolometer and the elliptical contoured mirror.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 including a plurality of various-sized mirrors to increase alignment tolerance.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the elliptical contoured mirror in a degenerate case is a spherical mirror.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , where the light emitted from the source/bolometer is reflected three times within the sample cell before returning to the source/bolometer.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a window separating the source/bolometer from the sample cell volume, wherein the mirror is mounted on an outer surface of the optical filter window.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one other source/bolometer.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , where the source bolometer and at least one other source/bolometer are arranged in an array located along long axis of the elliptical contoured mirror.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , where the source bolometer and at least one other source/bolometer are arranged in an array along the bisecting plane of the elliptical mirror.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein one of the at least one other source/bolometers is covered by the mirror, the covered source/bolometer serving as a reference to the source/bolometer.
13. An absorption spectroscopy apparatus comprising:
a sample cell confined to a cylindrical volume defining an interior sample volume including:
an elliptical contoured mirror;
a source/bolometer disposed opposite to the elliptical contoured mirror, the source/bolometer emitting electromagnetic radiation toward the elliptical contoured mirror; and
a mirror disposed opposite to the elliptical contoured mirror, the mirror configured to reflect electromagnetic radiation received from the elliptical contoured mirror back toward the elliptical contoured mirror, light emitted by the source/bolometer traveling along more than one optical path through the sample volume and being reflected back toward the source/bolometer.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising at least one aligning pin configured to align the elliptical contoured mirror with respect to the source/bolometer.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising an optical filter window positioned to separate the source bolometer from the sample volume, wherein the mirror is mounted on an outer surface of the optical filter window.
16. The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising a first fluid port providing external access to the sample volume through which a sample fluid can be transferred to the sample volume.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , further comprising a second fluid port providing external access to the sample volume, a fluid entering the sample volume through the first fluid port and exiting the sample volume through the second fluid port.
18. A method comprising:
providing a sample cell defining a sample volume including:
an elliptical contoured mirror;
a source/bolometer disposed opposite to the elliptical contoured mirror, emitting electromagnetic radiation from the source/bolometer toward the elliptical contoured mirror;
providing a mirror disposed opposite to the elliptical contoured mirror; and
using said mirror disposed opposite to the elliptical contoured mirror, reflecting electromagnetic radiation received from the elliptical contoured mirror back toward the elliptical contoured mirror such that light emitted by the source/bolometer travels along more than one optical path through the sample volume and is reflected back toward the source/bolometer.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the sample cell defining a sample volume is confined to a cylindrical volume.