HIGH-THROUGHPUT SPECTRAL IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY APPARATUS AND METHODS
Disclosed are high-throughput spectral imaging and spectroscopy apparatus and methods that acquire the property information of measured substance's UV-visible and infrared radiation through using at least one substantially uniform monochromatic incident irradiation source and spatial resolved array detector. The high-throughput analysis is achieved by acquiring a parallel spectral imaging and spectroscopy over a library element substrate. The apparatus and methods include both hardware and software for achieving both spectral imaging and spectroscopic analysis.
1 . a high-throughput spectroscopy apparatus, comprising:
a. at least one substantially monochromatic incident irradiation source;
b. a library element substrate including a plurality of wells defining a plurality of cavities;
c. one or more optical components arranged to direct the irradiation source onto the library element substrate;
d. a translational stage operably engaged with the library element substrate; and
e. a spatially resolved detector responsive to the irradiation source.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a wavelength filtering element is not present in the path of the radiation in the region between the library element and the spatially resolved detector.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the irradiation source comprises a plurality of irradiation sources providing substantially uniform illumination of the library element substrate.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further including an imaging box that houses the incident irradiation source.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further including a data acquisition system and a data reduction system.
6 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the monochromatic radiation provided by the monochromatic irradiation source is selected from the group consisting of UV, UV-visible, and infrared radiation.
7 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the irradiation source provides radiation having a wavelength between about 200 nm and about 800 nm.
8 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein irradiation source provides radiation having a wavelength between about 800 nm and about 40,000 nm.
9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the monochromatic incident irradiation source includes one or more lamps, one or more monochromators, one or more lenses, and one or more mirrors.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a. an imaging box;
b. a data acquisition system; and
c. a data reduction system.
11 . The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the irradiation source is remotely positioned with respect to the imaging box, and the components arranged to direct the irradiation source onto the library element substrate comprise fiber-optic cables and fiber-optic collimators.
12 . The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the monochromatic incident irradiation source includes one or more lamps, one or more monochromators, two or more fiber-optic cables, and two or more fiber-optic collimators.
13 . The apparatus of claim 1 , the library element substrate is a diffuse reflectance library element wherein one or more of the plurality of wells includes a substance that diffusely reflects the irradiation source.
14 . The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the substance is a solid-phase substance selected from the group consisting of powders and fine particles.
15 . The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the substance is mixture of liquid-phase substances and diffusely reflecting solid media particles.
16 . The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the diffusely reflecting solid media particles do not substantially absorb the radiation from the irradiation source.
17 . The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the diffusely reflecting solid media particles are selected from silica and SPECTRALON® materials.
18 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of wells is arranged on the library element in a circular, triangular, rectangular or square-shaped pattern.
19 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the plurality of wells is suitable for performing a desired chemical reaction therein.
20 . The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the chemical reaction is a wet chemical reaction or a dry chemical reaction.
21 . The apparatus of claim 18 , further including means for transferring reagents to one or more of the plurality of wells in the library element.
22 . The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the means for transferring reagents comprises a mechanical system or a conduit system.
23 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the library element substrate has no array wells.
24 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the translational stage is moveable along at least one of an x-axis, a y-axis, a z-axis or an angle θ relative to the vertical axis of the apparatus, and further includes a computer-operated controller for moving the translational stage to a desired position.
25 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the spatial resolved detector is selected from the group of UV-visible light detectors and infrared light sensitive CCD camera, infrared light sensitive photodiode array detector and combinations thereof.
26 . A method of conducting high-throughput diffuse reflectance spectral imaging and spectroscopy, comprising:
a. providing a source of substantially uniform monochromatic radiation;
b. providing a library element substrate including a plurality of wells defining a plurality of cavities, the cavities having one or more substances therein, the substances including therein one or more diffusely reflecting solid media particles, wherein the diffusely reflecting solid media particles do not substantially absorb radiation provided by the sources;
c. moving the library element substrate to the translational stage;
d. directing the radiation onto the library element substrate; and
e. detecting one or more signals associated with a reflected portion of the radiation via a spatially resolved detector.
27 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the method does not include filtering the reflected portion of the radiation at one or more points between the library element substrate and the spatially resolved detector.
28 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the substances are in the liquid or solid-phase.
29 . The method of claim 28 , wherein solid-phase substances are metal or nonmetal oxides, metal or nonmetal halides, metal or nonmetal oxyhalides, or mixtures thereof.
30 . The method of claim 28 , further including mixing diffusely reflecting solid media particles with the liquid phase or solid phase substances.
31 . The method of claim 26 , further including transferring the substance to the plurality of wells with a manual process or an automated pipetting system or a plurality of conduits.
32 . The method of claim 26 , wherein
a. the spatially resolved detector is a CCD camera or photodiode array mounted on the top of an imaging box and captures a portion of the radiation reflected from the library element substrate; and
b. the data acquired by the detector is processed by a data processing program configured to report information including reflectance, wavelength, or wavenumber in a graphical format.
33 . The method of claim 26 , wherein a full diffuse reflectance spectrum for substances is a series of full diffuse reflectance spectrum plots, comprising:
a. I ij , wherein I ij is the intensity of radiation reflected from the substances for a desired well of the library element substrate, as the function of wavelength or wavenumber scanned at a specific spectrum range;
b. A ij , wherein A ij is the absorbance for the desired well of the library element substrate and is the difference of I ij and I ij 0 (I ij 0 −I ij ), as the function of wavelength or wavenumber scanned at a specific spectrum range;
c. R ij , wherein R ij is the intensity ratio of radiation reflected from the measured substances (I ij ) to the reflectance from a background (I ij 0 ) for a specific array well located at i row and j column on the library element substrate, as the function of wavelength or wavenumber scanned at a specific spectrum range;
d. Log 1/R ij , or Ln 1/R ij , as the function of wavelength or wavenumber scanned at a specific spectrum range; and
e. Kubelka-Munk unit, K/S versus wavelength or wavenumber scanned at a specific spectrum range. Here, the Kubelka-Munk unit is expressed as (1−R ij ) 2 /2R ij .
34 . The method of claim 26 , further including determining one or more calibration curves.
35 . The method of claim 34 , wherein the diffuse reflectance of measured substances to plot a series of calibration curves, comprising:
a. I ij , wherein I ij is the intensity of radiation reflected from the measured substances for a specific array well located at i row and j column on the library element substrate, as the function of concentration at the characteristic wavelength or wavenumber of measured substances;
b. A ij , wherein A ij is the absorbance for a specific array well located at i row and j column on the library element substrate and is the difference of I ij and I ij 0 (/I ij 0 −I ij ), as the function of concentration at the characteristic wavelength or wavenumber of measured substances;
c. R ij , wherein R ij is the intensity ratio of radiation reflected from the measured substances (I ij ) to the reflectance from a background (I ij 0 ) for a specific array well located at i row and j column on the library element substrate, as the function of concentration at the characteristic wavelength or wavenumber of measured substances;
d. Log 1/R ij , or Ln 1/R ij , as the function of concentration at the characteristic wavelength or wavenumber of measured substances; and
e. Kubelka-Munk unit, K/S, versus measure substance concentrations at the characteristic wavelength or wavenumber. Here, the Kubelka-Munk unit is expressed as (1−R ij ) 2 /2R ij .