Enhancement of the immune response for vaccine and gene therapy applications
Expression cassettes are provided comprising a promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid molecule which, when transcribed in vivo, forms double-stranded RNA that induces the production of interferon. Expression cassettes also are provided comprising a promoter operably linked to a ribozyme or antisense nucleic acid molecule which, when transcribed in vivo, forms a ribozyme or antisense RNA molecule that stimulates an immune response. In addition, expression cassettes are provided comprising a promoter operably linked to a ribozyme or antisense nucleic acid molecule which, when transcribed in vivo, stimulates apoptosis. Finally, gene delivery vectors are provided which contain such expression cassettes, host cells containing the gene delivery vectors, and methods of utilizing the expression cassettes, gene delivery vectors, and host cells.
1. A method of stimulating an immune response to a selected antigen within a desired host, comprising administering to the host a gene delivery vector comprising an expression cassette, wherein the expression cassette comprises:
a promoter operably linked to a first nucleic acid molecule that encodes a ribonucleic acid (RNA) which comprises a sense RNA encoded by SEQ ID NO:7, which, when transcribed in vivo, forms double stranded RNA via self-complementing sequences within the RNA, wherein the double stranded RNA induces the production of interferon; and
an RNA polymerase II promoter operably linked to a second nucleic acid molecule that encodes an antigen from a pathogenic agent or a tumor.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the pathogenic agent is a viral agent.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the viral agent is selected from the group consisting of HIV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HPV, and FIV.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the pathogenic agent is a bacterium, parasite, or fungus.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the antigen is from a tumor.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the RNA polymerase II promoter is selected from the group consisting of CMV, SV40, MoMLV LTR, and RSV LTR.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the gene delivery vector is a plasmid.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the gene delivery vector is a recombinant retrovirus.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the gene delivery vector is a recombinant herpes virus.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the gene delivery vector is a recombinant poxvirus.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the gene delivery vector is a recombinant adenovirus.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the gene delivery vector is a recombinant parvovirus.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the gene delivery vector is a recombinant alphavirus.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the gene delivery vector is a recombinant polyoma virus.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the gene delivery vector is a eukaryotic layered vector initiation system.