PDK-1/Akt signaling inhibitors
Use of a new class of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1) inhibitors of formula I for inducing apoptosis in unwanted rapidly proliferating cells, for treating, inhibiting, or delaying the onset of cancer, and for preventing restenosis in a subject that has undergone an angioplasty or stent: wherein X is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and haloalkyl; Ar is an aryl radical selected from the group consisting of phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, and fluorenyl; and wherein Ar is optionally substituted with one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, azido, C 1 -C 4 azidoalkyl, aryl, akylaryl, haloaryl, haloalkylaryl, and combinations thereof; and R is selected from the group consisting of nitrile, acetonitrile, ethylnitrile, propylnitrile, carboxamide, amidine, tetrazole, oxime, hydrazone, acetamidine, aminoacetamide, guanidine, and urea.
1. A method of inducing apoptosis in unwanted rapidly proliferating cells, the method comprising the step of contacting a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I:
wherein
X is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and haloalkyl;
Ar is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthrenyl, and fluorenyl; wherein Ar is optionally substituted with one or more substituents at any suitable position;
R is selected from the group consisting of —CN, —CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CN,
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, with the rapidly proliferating cells.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rapidly proliferating cells are cancer cells, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, central nervous system cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is selected from compounds IV and V:
or a combination thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein X is C 1 to C 4 haloalkyl.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein X is CF 3 .
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein Ar is selected from the group consisting of 2-naphthyl, 4-biphenyl, 9-anthryl, 2-fluorenyl, 4-azidophenyl, 4-azidomethylphenyl, 4-(2-azidoethyl)phenyl, 4-(3-azidopropyl)phenyl, 4-(4-azidobutyl)phenyl, 4-(4-azidophenyl)phenyl, 4-(4-azidomethylphenyl)phenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-propylphenyl, 4-butylphenyl, 4-(2-bromoethyl)phenyl, 4-(3-bromopropyl)phenyl, 4-(4-bromobutyl)phenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-(4-methylphenyl)phenyl, 4-(4-bromomethylphenyl)phenyl, 4-(4-butylphenyl)phenyl, 4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)phenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)phenyl, 4-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)phenyl, 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)phenyl, 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phenyl, 4-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)phenyl, 4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)phenyl, 2-phenanthrenyl, 3-indolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, and 4-(benzyl)phenyl.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein Ar is 2-phenanthrenyl.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein R is selected from aminoacetamide and guanidine.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein X is CF 3 , Ar is 2-phenanthrenyl, and R is selected from aminoacetamide and guanidine.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound is:
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and
wherein the rapidly proliferating cells are cancer cells, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, central nervous system cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer.