Differential current sensor device and method
View Patent ↗A current sensor having a pair of sense transistors is disclosed. The sense transistors sense a current conducted by a power transistor of a voltage regulator. The ratio in size between the power transistor and the sense transistors corresponds to a scaling factor M. Each sense transistor has an associated series connected sense resistor. The two sense resistors are unbalanced and provide a differential voltage based on the sensed current at the sense transistor to a transconductor. The transconductor has heavy emitter degeneration to provide an output current substantially proportional to the current conducted by the primary power transistor, the proportion determined by the scaling factor M and a ratio of the emitter degeneration and sense resistors.
1. A voltage converter device, comprising:
a power switch;
a control module comprising an output to provide a control signal to control the conductivity of the power switch; and
a current sensor having an input configured to receive the control signal and an output configured to provide a feedback signal to the control module, the current sensor comprising:
a first resistor comprising a first terminal and a second terminal;
a first transistor comprising a first current electrode coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor, a second current electrode, and a control electrode configured to receive the control signal;
a second resistor comprising a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the first resistor and a second terminal;
a second transistor comprising a first current electrode coupled to the second terminal of the second resistor, a second current electrode, and a control electrode configured to receive the control signal; and
a transconductor comprising a first input coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor, a second input coupled to the second terminal of the second resistor, and an output configured to provide the feedback signal.
2. The voltage converter device of claim 1 , wherein the feedback signal comprises a first current substantially proportional to a second current through the power switch.
3. The voltage converter of claim 2 , wherein a relationship between the first current and the second current is based on a scaling factor, the scaling factor based on a ratio between a size of the first transistor and a size of the power switch.
4. The voltage converter of claim 1 , wherein the first resistor has a first resistive value different than a second resistive value of the second resistor.
5. The voltage converter of claim 1 , wherein the transconductor comprises:
a third transistor comprising a first current electrode coupled to the first terminal of the first resistor, a second current electrode, and a control electrode coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor;
a third resistor comprising a first terminal coupled to the second current electrode of the third transistor;
a fourth transistor comprising a first current electrode coupled to the first voltage reference, a second current electrode, and a control electrode coupled to the second terminal of the second resistor; and
a fourth resistor comprising a first terminal coupled to the second current electrode of the fourth transistor and a second terminal coupled to the second terminal of the third resistor.
6. The voltage converter of claim 5 , wherein:
the feedback signal comprises a first current substantially proportional to a second current through the power switch;
a resistive value of the first resistor differs from a resistive value of the second value by a resistive difference; and
a relationship between the first current and the second current is based on a ratio between the resistive difference and a resistive value of the third resistor.
7. The voltage converter device of claim 1 , wherein the control module comprises a current comparator, the current comparator comprising a first input to receive the feedback signal, a second input to receive a threshold signal, and an output configured to provide an output signal, the output signal based on a comparison of the feedback signal and the threshold signal.
8. The voltage converter device of claim 7 , wherein the control signal is configured to control the conductivity of the power switch based on the output signal of the current comparator.
9. The voltage converter device of claim 7 , wherein the threshold signal comprises a current reference signal.
10. A current sensor device comprising:
a first transistor comprising a first current electrode, and a control electrode configured to receive a control signal, the first transistor configured to draw a first current proportional to a sensed current;
a first resistor comprising a first terminal and a second terminal coupled to the first current electrode of the first transistor, the second terminal configured to apply a first voltage based on the first current;
a second transistor comprising a first current electrode, and a control electrode configured to receive a control signal, the second transistor configured to draw a second current proportional to a sensed current;
a second resistor comprising a first terminal and a second terminal coupled to the first current electrode of the first transistor, the second terminal configured to apply a second voltage based on the first current; and
a transconductor comprising a first input coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor, a second input coupled to the second terminal of the second resistor, and an output configured to provide an output current, the output current substantially proportional to the sensed current.
11. The current sensor device of claim 10 wherein the first resistor has a first resistive value different from a resistive value of the second resistor.
12. The current sensor device of claim 10 , further comprising a third transistor comprising a first current electrode coupled to the first terminal of the first resistor, a second current electrode coupled to the second current electrode of the first resistor, and a control electrode configured to receive the control signal, the third transistor configured to draw the sensed current based on the control signal.
13. The current sensor device of claim 12 , wherein the third transistor comprises a power switch of a voltage regulator.
14. The current sensor device of claim 12 , wherein the third transistor is larger than the first transistor and the second transistor.
15. The current sensor device of claim 10 , wherein the transconductor comprises:
a third transistor comprising a first current electrode coupled to the first terminal of the first resistor, a second current electrode, and a control electrode coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor;
a third resistor comprising a first terminal coupled to the second current electrode of the third transistor;
a fourth transistor comprising a first current electrode coupled to the first terminal of the first resistor, a second current electrode, and a control electrode coupled to the second terminal of the second resistor; and
a fourth resistor comprising a first terminal coupled to the second current electrode of the fourth transistor and a second terminal coupled to the second terminal of the third resistor.
16. The current sensor device of claim 15 , wherein:
a resistive value of the first resistor differs from a resistive value of the second value by a resistive difference; and
a relationship between the first current and the second current is based on a ratio between the resistive difference and a resistive value of the third resistor.
17. A method comprising:
sensing a first current at a power supply, wherein sensing comprises:
receiving a first voltage and a second voltage, the first voltage and second voltage each based on the first current, a voltage difference between the first and second voltages based on a difference between a first resistance and a second resistance, wherein the first voltage corresponds to a voltage at a first current electrode of a first transistor and the second voltage corresponds to a voltage at a first current electrode of a second transistor; and
providing a second current based on the voltage difference; and
regulating the first current based on the second current.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
regulating a third voltage provided by the power supply based on the second current.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein regulating the third voltage comprises regulating the voltage by controlling the conductivity of a power switch of the power supply.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein:
the first resistance is based on a first resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal;
the first current electrode of the first transistor is coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor, and a control electrode of the first transistor is configured to receive a control signal, the control signal based on the second current;
the second resistance is based on a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the first resistor and a second terminal;
the first current electrode of the second transistor is coupled to the second terminal of the second resistor, and a control electrode of the second transistor is configured to receive the control signal; and
the second current is provided by a transconductor, the transconductor comprising a first input coupled to the second terminal of the first resistor, a second input coupled to the second terminal of the second resistor, and an output configured to provide the second current.