Delivery vehicle for probiotic bacteria comprising a dry matrix of polysaccharides, saccharides and polyols in a glass form and methods of making same
The disclosure relates to a solid glass matrix of polysaccharide, saccharides and polyols as delivery vehicle for preservation and post gastric administration of a probiotic. The delivery vehicle is capable of releasing the probiotic at their site of action. The present invention further includes methods of making and using the solid glass matrix delivery vehicle of the invention.
1. A process for producing a glass matrix comprising a probiotic bacteria, the process comprising:
a) dispersing under heating conditions at least one polysaccharide in water;
b) adding trehalose, a sugar alcohol and a probiotic bacteria to the dispersed polysaccharide to form a slurry, wherein the ratio of trehalose to sugar alcohol is 3:1 to 1:3 and wherein the sugar alcohol is selected from a group consisting of mannitol, glycerol, sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol, lactitol and isomalt;
c) contacting the slurry with a bath comprising Ca ++ ions for a sufficient time to allow cross-linking thereby forming a gel matrix
d) harvesting the gel matrix and placing the harvested gel matrix in a drier wherein the temperature of the harvested gel matrix is maintained above the freezing temperature of water;
e) reducing the pressure during a first drying stage and maintaining the temperature at about 10-20° C. for a first period of time; and
f) further reducing the pressure during a second drying stage and increasing the temperature to between about 40-50° C. for a second period of time to produce the glass matrix comprising the probiotic bacteria.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure during the first stage is reduced to about 2,500 mTOR and the pressure at the second stage is maintained less that 100 mTOR.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first drying stage is from 12 to 16 hours and the second drying stage is from 12 to 48 hours.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein pressure during the first stage is slowly reduced in increments to the lower pressure of the second drying stage.
5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the reduction in pressure is in increments of 125 mTOR/hr.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein contacting the slurry of step c) comprises extruding the slurry into the Ca ++ ion containing bath and forming matrix strings that crosslink while retained in the bath.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the gel matrix of step c) is sliced to form threads before placement in the drier.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the probiotic bacteria is selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus, Bifodobacterium, Enterococcus, Proionobacterium, Bacillus and Streptococcus , wherein said probiotic bacteria is live.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of starch, a non-digestible starch, pectin, inulin, xanthan gum, alginate, alginic acid, chitosan, carrageenan, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, guar gum, gum arabic, locust bean gum and combinations thereof.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of trehalose to the polyol is about 3:1.