In situ extraction of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-containing materials
Hydrocarbon-containing organic matter is extracted from a hydrocarbon-containing material that is a viscous liquid, liquid or gaseous fossil fuel material. A turpentine liquid is contacted with a hydrocarbon-containing material in-situ in an underground formation containing the fossil fuel material to form an extraction mixture so as to extract hydrocarbon-containing organic matter into the turpentine liquid and form an extraction liquid. The extraction liquid is removed from the formation, the extraction liquid including the turpentine liquid containing the extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter. The extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter is separated from a residual material not extracted.
1. A method of extracting hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a hydrocarbon-containing material, comprising a viscous liquid, liquid or gaseous fossil fuel material selected from heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof, the method comprising:
providing a hydrocarbon-extracting liquid consisting essentially of turpentine liquid alone or a combination of a turpentine liquid and a turpentine-miscible second liquid;
contacting heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof in-situ in an underground formation containing said fossil fuel material, with said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid, to form an extraction mixture so as to extract hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from said heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof into said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid and form an extraction liquid;
removing said extraction liquid from said formation, the extraction liquid comprising said turpentine liquid containing the extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter; and
separating said extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a residual material not extracted.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising separating said extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid separated from said extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter is recycled for reuse in said method.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said turpentine-miscible second liquid is a turpentine-miscible solvent.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said underground formation is a crude oil reservoir or a natural gas reservoir.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said turpentine liquid is selected from the group consisting of:
natural turpentine, synthetic turpentine, mineral turpentine, pine oil, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpineol, β-terpineol, 3-carene, anethole, dipentene (p-mentha-1,8-diene), terpene resins, nopol, pinane, camphene, p-cymene, anisaldeyde, 2-pinane hydroperoxide, 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene, isobornyl acetate, terpin hydrate, ocimene, 2-pinanol, dihydromycenol, isoborneol, α-terpineol, alloocimene, alloocimene alcohols, geraniol, 2-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-7,8-epoxyoctane, camphor, p-menthan-8-ol, α-terpinyl acetate, citral, citronellol, 7-methoxydihydrocitronellal, 10-camphorsulphonic acid, p-methene, p-menthan-8-yl acetate, cintronellal, 7-hydroxydihydrocitronellal, menthol, menthone, polymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said turpentine liquid is selected from the group consisting of natural turpentine, synthetic turpentine, mineral turpentine, pine oil, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpineol, β-terpineol, polymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the additional step of contacting said extraction mixture with a liquid which is immiscible with said turpentine liquid.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said liquid immiscible with the turpentine liquid comprises water.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second liquid is selected from the group consisting of lower aliphatic alcohols, lower alkanes, lower aromatics, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, carbon bisulfide, or vegetable oils, and mixtures thereof.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said second liquid is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentane, heptane, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, anathracene, tetraline, triethylamine, aniline, carbon bisulfide, soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and canola oil, and mixtures thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof and said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid are contacted at a temperature of from about 2° C. to about 200° C.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof and said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid are contacted at a pressure of from about 1.0×10 4 Pascals (0.1 atm) to about 5.0×10 6 Pascals (50.0 atm).
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing to said extraction mixture a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, metal oxides, metals, and mixtures thereof.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof is contacted with at least 0.5 pore volume of turpentine liquid.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid is α-terpineol or synthetic turpentine.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid contains no added water.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid contains at least about 70% of said turpentine liquid.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of said turpentine liquid to said turpentine-miscible liquid in said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid is greater than or equal to 1:1.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein when said heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof is contacted with said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid, a homogeneous one-phase extraction liquid is formed.
21. A method of extracting hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a hydrocarbon-containing material, comprising a viscous liquid, liquid or gaseous fossil fuel material selected from heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof, the method comprising:
contacting heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof in-situ in an underground formation containing said fossil fuel material with a hydrocarbon-extracting liquid comprising a turpentine liquid and a turpentine-miscible second liquid, said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid containing no added water, to form an extraction mixture so as to extract hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from said heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof into said turpentine liquid and form an extraction liquid;
removing said extraction liquid from said formation, the extraction liquid comprising said turpentine liquid containing the extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter; and
separating said extracted hydrocarbon-containing organic matter from a residual material not extracted,
wherein the ratio of said turpentine liquid to said turpentine-miscible second liquid is greater than or equal to 1:1.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein said hydrocarbon-extracting liquid consists of a turpentine liquid and a turpentine-miscible second liquid.
23. A method of dissolving heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof in-situ in an underground formation into a turpentine liquid, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a turpentine liquid selected from the group consisting of natural turpentine, synthetic turpentine, mineral turpentine, pine oil, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpineol, β-terpineol, 3-carene, anethole, dipentene (p-mentha-1,8-diene), terpene resins, nopol, pinane, camphene, p-cymene, anisaldeyde, 2-pinane hydroperoxide, 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene, isobornyl acetate, terpin hydrate, ocimene, 2-pinanol, dihydromycenol, isoborneol, α-terpineol, terpineol, alloocimene, alloocimene alcohols, geraniol, 2-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-7,8-epoxyoctane, camphor, p-menthan-8-ol, α-terpinyl acetate, citral, citronellol, 7-methoxydihydrocitronellal, 10-camphorsulphonic acid, p-methene, p-menthan-8-yl acetate, cintronellal, 7-hydroxydihydrocitronellal, menthol, menthone, polymers thereof, and mixtures thereof;
contacting a heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof in-situ in an underground formation containing said heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof, with said turpentine liquid to form an extraction mixture so as to dissolve heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof into said turpentine liquid and form an extraction liquid;
removing said extraction liquid from said formation, the extraction liquid comprising said turpentine liquid containing the dissolved heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof and at least one non-extracted residual material; and
separating said heavy crude oil, crude oil, natural gas, or a combination thereof from said residual material.