Spring-like textured composite floorcovering
The present invention concerns a textured floorcovering composite comprising a highly conformable fibrous outer layer 101 and an optional porous and resilient backing layer 102 that are continually, contiguously, or continuously attached to an activated adhesive layer 103 along a three-dimensional, undulating interface. The undulations correspond to depressed and elevated areas on the surface of the composite. Such a composite can be fabricated if its precursor is subjected to heat and pressure for a finite length time, provided that the applied pressure is relatively low, preferably under about 200 psi. The textured composite can be used as a floorcovering that advantageously resists warping and remains insensitive to variations in ambient temperature and humidity, including exposure to water.
1. A textured composite having a surface area and comprising a continuous or integral fibrous outer layer that is bonded continually to an activated adhesive layer, wherein the continuous or integral fibrous outer layer comprises a textile fabric, wherein the surface area topographically comprises depressed areas and elevated areas,
wherein the fibrous outer layer and the intermediate adhesive layer are non-planar and follow substantially the same undulating contour,
wherein a lateral distance, X, between adjacent depressed areas and a lateral distance, Y, between adjacent elevated areas in at least one direction are each from about 1.5 mm to about 10 mm,
wherein the depressed areas descend to a depth, D, measured from the top of the outer layer at the elevated areas to the top of the outer layer at adjacent depressed areas, that equals or exceeds a thickness, T u , measured from the top of the outer layer at the elevated areas to the bottom of the adhesive layer at the elevated areas,
wherein the textured composite material is useable as a floor cover.
2. The textured composite of claim 1 further comprising a compressible and resilient backing layer, wherein depth D equals or exceeds a thickness, T u , measured from the top of the outer layer at the elevated areas to an interface of the outer layer and backing layer at the elevated areas.
3. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein a combined density of the fibrous outer layer and the adhesive layer in the depressed areas is less than about 0.7 g/cm 3 .
4. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein no adhesive reaches the peak regions of the elevated areas.
5. The textured composite of claim 2 , wherein the backing layer has a minimum resilient depth, H, of at least about 2 mm below the interface of the outer layer and backing layer, and a compressibility higher than at least about 10% under a pressure of about 20 psi.
6. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite deflects out of plane by less than about 4%.
7. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite deflects out of plane by less than about 2%.
8. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite can exhibit a rating of at least about 2.0 after about 5,000 cycles in a Vetterman drum.
9. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite can exhibit a rating of at least about 2.0 after about 20,000 cycles in a Vetterman drum.
10. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite has a weight exceeding about 25 oz/yd 2 .
11. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite has a bending length ratio above about 5/1.
12. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite has an overall thickness exceeding about 2.5 mm.
13. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein the continuous or integral fibrous outer layer is formed from a textile fabric selected from the group of fabrics consisting of wovens, warp-knits, circular weft-knits, non-wovens and mixtures thereof.
14. The textured composite of claim 1 further comprising one or more functional layers.
15. The textured composite of claim 14 , wherein at least one or more functional layers is a layer selected from the group consisting of an antimicrobial layer, a fire-retardant layer, a water-blocking layer and combinations thereof.
16. The textured composite of claim 2 , wherein the backing layer is a felt with a basis weight in the range of about 15 to about 80 oz/yd 2 and needlepunched with a density of about 300 to about 1000 penetrations per inch.
17. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive layer comprises a polyethylene film or fabric.
18. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein a ratio D/T u is greater than or equal to about 1.25.
19. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein a ratio D/T u is greater than or equal to about 1.5.
20. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein a ratio D/T u is greater than or equal to about 1.75.
21. The textured composite of claim 1 , wherein a ratio D/T u is greater than or equal to about 2.0.
22. A textured composite having a surface area and comprising a continuous or integral fibrous outer layer that is bonded continually to an activated adhesive layer,
wherein the continuous or integral fibrous outer layer comprises a textile fabric, wherein the surface area topographically comprises depressed areas and elevated areas,
wherein the fibrous outer layer and the intermediate adhesive layer are non-planar and follow substantially the same undulating contour,
wherein at least some of the fibers on the outer surface of the fibrous outer layer in the elevated areas are unbonded to the adhesive layer,
wherein a lateral distance between adjacent depressed areas in at least one direction is from about 1.5 mm to about 20 mm,
wherein the elevation of the elevated area, D, measured from the top of the outer layer at the elevated areas to the top of the outer layer at adjacent depressed areas, is greater than the thickness of fibrous outer layer, T f , measured from the top of the outer layer to the bottom of the outer layer at the elevated areas, and
wherein the textured composite material is useable as a floor cover.
23. The textured composite of claim 22 , wherein a combined density of the fibrous outer layer and the adhesive layer in the depressed areas is less than about 0.7 g/cm 3 .