Solid expandable tubular members formed from very low carbon steel and method
A very low carbon steel alloy is provided for use in manufacturing tubular members such as oil country tubular goods. The tubular members may be radially expanded from at least twenty percent to forty percent. Sections or joints of casing formed from the steel alloy may be installed within a wellbore and radially expanded during completion of the wellbore.
1. A tubular member comprising:
a pipe formed from a very low carbon steel alloy having iron at a concentration of at least ninety-five percent by weight of the steel alloy, chromium at a concentration of less than approximately 0.1% by weight of the steel alloy, and carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.06% by weight of the steel alloy;
the steel alloy quenched to produce a concentration of martensite of at least ninety percent by volume of the steel alloy;
the steel alloy tempered to produce desired ductility and strength to accommodate radial expansion of the tubular member between approximately twenty percent and forty-five percent;
a pin end and a box end formed on the pipe with a longitudinal bore extending through the pipe from the pin end to the box end;
an external threaded portion formed on the pin end and an internal threaded portion formed within the box end; and
the external threaded portion and the internal threaded portion operable to be releasably engaged with other respective internal and external threaded portions of other tubular members.
2. The tubular member of claim 1 further comprising an inside diameter operable to be radially expanded at least approximately twenty percent to forty-five percent of the original inside diameter.
3. The tubular member of claim 1 , wherein the steel alloy further comprises a total concentration of vanadium, niobium and titanium limited to less than approximately 0.15% by weight of the steel alloy.
4. The tubular member of claim 1 further comprising the external threaded portion and the internal threaded portion having matching modified buttress thread forms.
5. A solid, expandable casing string for using in completing a wellbore comprising:
a first tubular member formed from a pipe;
a second tubular member formed from a pipe;
the pipes formed from a steel alloy (a) having carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.06% by weight of the steel alloy and (b) tempered to produce desired ductility and strength to accommodate radial expansion of the tubular member between approximately twenty percent and forty-five percent;
the first tubular member having a pin end and a box end with a longitudinal bore extending through the first tubular member between the pin end and the box end;
a first threaded portion formed on the pin end of the first tubular member and a second threaded portion formed in the box end of the first tubular member;
the second tubular member having a pin end and a box end with a longitudinal bore extending through the second tubular member between the pin end and the box end;
a first threaded portion formed on the pin end of each tubular member and a second threaded portion formed in the box end of each tubular member; and
the first threaded portion of the pin end of the first tubular member releasably engaged with the second threaded portion of the box end of the second tubular member.
6. The casing string of claim 5 further comprising:
the steel alloy having low concentrations of vanadium, niobium and titanium; and
the total concentration of vanadium, niobium and titanium less than approximately 0.15% by weight of the steel alloy.
7. A solid, expandable casing string for using in completing a wellbore comprising:
a first tubular member formed from a pipe;
a second tubular member formed from a pipe;
the pipes formed from a steel alloy (a) having carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.06% by weight of the steel alloy and (b) tempered to produce desired ductility and strength to accommodate radial expansion of the tubular member between approximately twenty percent and forty-five percent;
the first tubular member having a first end and a second end with a longitudinal bore extending through the first tubular member between the first end and the second end;
the second tubular member having a first end and a second end with a longitudinal bore extending through the second tubular member between the first end and the second end; and
the first end of the first tubular member releasably engaged with the second end of the second tubular member.
8. The casing string of claim 7 , wherein the steel alloy further comprises;
low concentrations of vanadium, niobium and titanium; and
the total concentration of vanadium, niobium and titanium less than approximately 0.15% by weight of the steel alloy.
9. A method for manufacturing a tubular member used to complete a wellbore by radially expanding the tubular member at a downhole location in the wellbore comprising:
forming a steel alloy having iron at a concentration of at least ninety-five percent by weight of the steel alloy, chromium at a concentration of less than approximately 0.1% by weight of the steel alloy, and carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.06% by weight of the steel alloy;
quenching the steel alloy to produce a concentration of martensite of at least ninety percent by volume of the steel alloy;
tempering the steel alloy to produce desired ductility and yield strength to accommodate radial expansion of the tubular member between approximately twenty percent and forty-five percent; and
forming a pipe from the steel body.
10. A method of forming an expandable section of casing with ductility and yield strength satisfactory for completing a wellbore, comprising:
forming a steel alloy having iron at a concentration of at least ninety-five percent by weight of the steel alloy, chromium at a concentration of less than approximately 0.1% by weight of the steel alloy, and carbon at a concentration of between approximately 0.03% and 0.06% by weight of the steel alloy;
quenching the steel alloy to produce a concentration of martensite of at least ninety percent by volume of the steel alloy;
tempering the steel alloy to produce the desired ductility and yield strength to accommodate radial expansion of the section of casing between approximately twenty percent and forty-five percent;
forming at least two tubular members from the steel alloy;
forming a respective pin end and a respective box end on each tubular member with a longitudinal bore extending through each tubular member from the pin end to the box end;
forming a tapered, exterior threaded portion on the pin end of each tubular member;
forming a tapered, interior threaded portion in the box end of each tubular member; and
forming the expandable section of casing from the two tubular members.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the steel alloy further comprises phosphorus at a concentration of less than approximately 0.015% by weight of the steel alloy.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the steel alloy further comprises sulfur at a concentration of less than approximately 0.005% by weight of the steel alloy and calcium at a concentration of between approximately 0.0005% and 0.0055% by weight of the steel alloy.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the steel alloy further comprises aluminum at a concentration of between approximately 0.015% and 0.040% by weight of the steel alloy.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the ductility and yield strength accommodate radial expansion of the tubular members between approximately twenty-eight percent and forty-five percent.
15. The method of claim 10 further comprising the concentration of carbon having a value of approximately 0.045% by weight of the steel alloy.
16. The method of claim 10 further comprising tempering the very low carbon steel alloy at approximately 1230° F. for approximately fifty minutes when the concentration of carbon-has a value of approximately 0.045% by weight of the steel alloy.
17. The method of claim 10 further comprising forming the steel alloy with a concentration of niobium between approximately 0.03% and 0.05% by weight of the steel alloy.
18. The method of claim 10 further comprising the concentration of niobium having a value of approximately 0.04% by weight of the steel alloy.
19. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
forming the steel alloy with low concentrations of vanadium, niobium and titanium; and
limiting the total concentration of vanadium, niobium and titanium to less than approximately 0.15% by weight of the steel alloy.