Masked laser anneal during fabrication of backside illuminated image sensors
A technique for fabricating an array of imaging pixels includes fabricating front side components on a front side of the array. After fabricating the front side components, a dopant layer is implanted on a backside of the array. A mask is formed over the dopant layer to selectively expose portions of the dopant layer. Next, the exposed portions of the dopant layer are laser annealed. Alternatively, the mask may be disposed over the backside prior to the formation of the dopant layer and the dopants implanted through the exposed portions and subsequently laser annealed.
1. A method of fabricating an array of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (“CMOS”) imaging pixels, comprising:
fabricating front side components on a front side of the array;
implanting a blanket dopant layer across a backside of the array;
masking the blanket dopant layer with a mask to selectively expose portions of the blanket dopant layer beneath a photodiode region of each CMOS imaging pixel within the array while covering pixel circuitry of each CMOS imaging pixel within the array; and
laser annealing the exposed portions of the blanket dopant layer to create an activated portion of the blanket dopant layer beneath the photodiode region of each CMOS imaging pixel within the array while retaining an unactivated portion of the blanket dopant layer beneath the pixel circuitry of each CMOS imaging pixel within the array such that the activated portion and unactivated portion of each CMOS imaging pixel form a pattern of activated and unactivated portions across the backside of the array wherein the activated portions encourage photo-generated charge carriers to migrate towards the photodiode regions while the unactivated portions become high recombination regions for the photo-generated charge carriers that migrate laterally to reduce crosstalk between the CMOS imaging pixels.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mask covers and protects pixel circuitry of each of the imaging pixels from the laser annealing.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mask further protects peripheral logic surrounding the array of CMOS imaging pixels.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mask is reflective to a laser used during the laser annealing.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein fabricating the front side components comprises:
forming an epitaxial layer over a semiconductor substrate;
forming photodiode regions and associated pixel circuitry on or within a front side of the epitaxial layer;
forming a metal stack over the front side of the epitaxial layer; and
removing the semiconductor substrate from a backside of the epitaxial layer.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising thinning the backside of the epitaxial layer until the epitaxial layer is less than or equal to 4 μm thick.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the epitaxial layer comprises a P− doped layer and the dopant layer comprises a P+ doped layer having a higher concentration of dopants than the P− doped layer.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the array of CMOS imaging pixels comprises an array of backside illuminated imaging pixels.