Process for preparation of isosulfan blue
A process for the preparation of isosulfan blue (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) is provided. A process is also provided for preparation of the intermediate, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde-5-sulfonic acid, sodium salt of formula (2), used in the preparation thereof and a procedure for the isolation of benzaldehyde-2,5-disulfonic acid, di-sodium salt of the formula (3). Also provided is a process for the preparation of an isoleuco acid of formula (4), which upon mild oxidation gives rise to isosulfan blue of pharmaceutical grade which can be used for preparation of pharmaceutical formulations. The isolation and purification procedures provided in the process provide substantially pure isosulfan blue with HPLC purity 99.5% or greater.
1. A process of preparing N-[4-[[4-(diethyl amino) phenyl] (2, 5-disulfophenyl) methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium, sodium salt comprising combining a suspension of isoleuco acid of the formula
in a polar solvent with 2.0 to 3.0 equivalents of silver oxide, recovering isosulfan blue acid, and treating the isosulfan blue acid with a sodium solution.
2. The process according to claim 1 comprising sulfonation of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde to obtain 2-chlorobenzaldehyde-5-sulfonic acid sodium salt of the formula
followed by nucleophilic displacement of the chloride in 2-chlorobenzaldehyde-5-sulfonic acid sodium salt with an alkali metal sulfite and bisulfite to obtain benzaldehyde-2,5-disulfonic acid, disodium salt of the formula
and condensing the benzaldehyde-2,5-disulfonic acid, disodium salt of the formula (3) with N, N-diethylaniline using urea and glacial acetic acid to provide isoleuco acid of the formula (4).
3. The process of preparing 2-chlorobenzaldehyde-5-sulfonic acid, sodium salt of formula (2) according to claim 2 comprising reacting one equivalent of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde with 2 equivalents, based on SO 3 content, of 20% fuming sulfuric acid.
4. The process according to claim 1 wherein the polar solvent is methanol.
5. The process according to claim 2 of preparing free benzaldehyde-2,5-disulfonic acid, di-sodium salt of the formula
wherein the alkali metal sulfite and bisulfite comprise sodium sulfite and sodium bisulfite salts.
6. The process according to claim 5 wherein the reaction is carried out in a pressure vessel at 170-180° C. for 5 to 7 hours.
7. The process according to claim 6 wherein the reaction is carried out under a pressure of 140 to 150 psi.
8. The process according to claim 2 comprising precipitating inorganic salts which will hinder the rate of reaction using methanol or one or more C 1-4 lower alcohols.
9. The process according to claim 2 in which the benzaldehyde-2,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt is purified by extracting with a non-aqueous polar solvent followed by its precipitation in a halogenated or non-halogenated non-polar solvent which is miscible with the non-aqueous polar solvent.
10. The process according to claim 9 wherein the nonaqueous polar solvent is N,N dimethylformamide and the nonpolar solvent is dichloromethane.
11. The process according to claim 1 wherein the isoleuco acid of the formula (4)
is prepared by combining a benzaldehyde-2,5-disulfonic acid, disodium salt of the formula
with N,N-diethylaniline, and urea and glacial acetic acid.
12. The process according to claim 11 performed at reflux conditions for 20-25 hours at 115 to 120° C.
13. The process according to claim 11 comprising precipitating a crude solid using methanol or a C 1-4 lower alcohol.
14. The process according to claim 11 in which the crude solid is further purified using water.
15. The process according to claim 1 comprising oxidation of isoleuco acid of the formula (4) with 2.5 equivalents of silver oxide in methanol, resulting in a reaction mass, stirring the reaction mass at 20 to 25° C. for 12-14 hours, and filtering the silver oxide to provide a filtrate.
16. The process according to claim 15 comprising passing the filtrate through a bed of silica gel and celite and passing the filtrate through a zeolite bed optionally treated with an acid or base.
17. The process according to claim 16 further comprising passing the filtrate through a 0.2 micron filtration unit.
18. The process according to claim 15 comprising precipitating the filtrate using a non-polar solvent miscible with the filtrate.
19. The process according to claim 18 wherein the non-polar solvent is isopropyl ether.
20. The process according to claim 1 comprising adjusting the N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino) phenyl] (2,5-disulfophenyl) methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N -ethylethanaminium to a pH greater than 6.0 using an aqueous inorganic or organic derivative of sodium or a combination thereof.
21. The process according to claim 20 wherein the pH is adjusted using sodium bicarbonate solution.
22. The process according to claim 1 comprising recrystallization of N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino) phenyl] (2,5-disulfophenyl) methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1 -ylidene]-N -ethylethanaminium using a solvent selected from the group consisting of a polar solvent, a non-polar solvent and a combination thereof to afford HPLC purity greater than 99.5%
23. The process according to claim 22 wherein the solvent is selected from an aqueous acetone medium and 80%_aqueous isopropanol/acetone.