Method of forming thin camera
View Patent ↗A thin camera having sub-pixel resolution includes an array of micro-cameras. Each micro-camera includes a lens, a plurality of sensors of size p, and a plurality of macro-pixels of size d having a feature of size q. The feature size q smaller than p and provides a resolution for the micro-camera greater than p. The smallest feature in the micro-cameras determines the resolution of the thin camera. Each macro-pixel may have any array of m features of size q, where q=d/m. Additional micro-cameras may be included to increase power.
1. A method of forming an imaging system, the method comprising:
forming a first array of first lenses on a first surface of a first substrate;
forming a second array of second lenses on a second surface of a second substrate, each second lens corresponding to a first lens of the first array along a light path of the imaging system;
securing first and second substrates to each other along a first direction parallel to the light path, at least one of the first surface of the first substrate and the second surface of the second substrate facing an opposing substrate, securing including directly attaching a spacer to the first and second substrates at opposing surfaces, the spacer separating the first and second substrates along the first direction; and
aligning a plurality of sensors for each pair of first and second lenses adjacent to an image plane of a corresponding pair of first and second lenses.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , the spacer between the first and second substrates is separate from the first and second substrates.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein securing first and second substrates includes securing the first surface on the first substrate to a third surface on the second substrate, the third surface being opposite the second surface.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second array of second lenses is immediately adjacent the plurality of sensors.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of forming the first and second arrays includes replicating.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the spacer is integral with at least one of the opposing surfaces.
7. A method of forming an imaging system, the method comprising:
forming a first array of first lenses on a first surface of a first substrate;
forming a second array of second lenses on a second surface of a second substrate, each second lens corresponding to a first lens of the first array along a light path of the imaging system;
securing first and second substrates to each other along a first direction parallel to the light path, at least one of the first surface of the first substrate and the second surface of the second substrate facing an opposing substrate;
aligning a plurality of sensors for each pair of first and second lenses adjacent to an image plane of a corresponding pair of first and second lenses; and
providing a plurality of macro-pixels of size d x d y , each macro-pixel corresponding to a sensor and being between the corresponding pair of first and second lenses and the sensor, each macro-pixel having m x m y micro-pixels, each micro-pixel being of size d x /m x *d y /m y and having one of a high and a low transmittance function, wherein
each sensor has a single detection element of size m y , with the center-to-center spacing of the detection elements being d x in the x-direction and d y in the y-direction,
light transmitted through each lens pair and directed towards a sensor will impinge on the sensor after multiplication by the transmittance of the macro-pixel, and
the imaging system has a resolution in the image plane of greater than 1/p x in the x-direction or 1/p y in the y-direction.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein a ratio of a size of each macro-pixel to a size of each micro-pixel is proportional to a number of first lenses in the first array of first lenses.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the plurality of macro-pixels is formed on a fourth side of the first substrate, opposite the first substrate.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the plurality of macro-pixels is formed at least one of the plurality of first lenses.
11. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the size d x /m x *d y /m y is on an order of a desired resolution of the imaging system.
12. A method of forming an imaging system, the method comprising:
forming an array of lenses on a substrate;
providing a plurality of sensors for each lens, each sensor having a single detection element of size p x p y , with the center-to-center spacing of the detection elements being d x in the x-direction and d y in the y-direction, the plurality of sensors being adjacent to an image plane of a corresponding lens; and
providing a plurality of macro-pixels of size d x d y , each macro-pixel corresponding to a sensor and being between the corresponding lens and the sensor, each macro-pixel having m x m y micro-pixels, each micro-pixel being of size d x /m x *d y /m y and having one of a high and a low transmittance function,
wherein light transmitted through each lens and directed towards a sensor will impinge on the sensor after multiplication by the transmittance of the macro-pixel, and
wherein the imaging system has a resolution in the image plane of greater than 1/p x in the x-direction or 1/p y in the y-direction.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein a ratio of a size of each macro-pixel to a size of each micro-pixel is proportional to a number of first lenses in a first array of first lenses.
14. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the size d x /m x *d y /m y is on an order of a desired resolution of the imaging system.
15. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the lens is formed on one side of the substrate and the plurality of macro-pixels is formed on an opposite side of the substrate.
16. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein providing the plurality of macro-pixels includes forming the plurality of macro-pixels on at least one of the plurality of lenses.
17. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the lens includes a substrate having parallel surfaces, an optical element being formed on at least one of the parallel surfaces.
18. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein forming the lens includes providing at least two substrates having parallel surfaces and forming at least two optical elements, each optical element being formed on a different surface of the at least two of the parallel surfaces.
19. The method as claimed in claim 18 , wherein one optical element of the least two optical elements is a diffractive optical element.
20. The imaging system as recited in claim 19 , wherein the diffractive optical element corrects for aberration of the lens.
21. The method as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the at least two substrates for an array of lenses are bonded together.