Metalworking lubricant formulations based on supercritical carbon dioxide

1. A system for applying supercritical carbon dioxide for lubricating a metal workpiece for a metalworking process, the system comprising:

a source of carbon dioxide;

a pressure booster in fluid communication with the source of carbon dioxide;

a high-pressure vessel in fluid communication with the pressure booster;

a source of lubricant in fluid communication with the high-pressure vessel;

a nozzle in fluid communication with the high pressure vessel; and

a metal workpiece configured to be lubricated by applying supercritical carbon dioxide thereto during a metalworking process.

2. The system as defined in claim 1 wherein the system is adapted to provide at least one of lubrication, cooling, corrosion inhibition, or chip evacuation during the metalworking process.

3. The system as defined in claim 1 , further comprising an automated solenoid valve in fluid communication with, and located between the high pressure vessel and the nozzle.

4. The system as defined in claim 1 , further comprising a computer in communication with a heating element and a pressure transducer, the heating element and the pressure transducer in communication with the high-pressure vessel, the computer adapted to control one or more environmental conditions inside the vessel.

5. The system as defined in claim 4 , further comprising a thermocouple in communication with the computer and adapted to monitor a vessel temperature.

6. The system as defined in claim 1 , further comprising a solenoid valve in communication with, and located between the high-pressure vessel and the nozzle.

7. The system as defined in claim 1 , further including a metal working lubricant composition for use therewith, the lubricant composition comprising a mixture of the supercritical carbon dioxide and the lubricant, the composition being non-aqueous and configured to lubricate the metal workpiece during the metalworking process.

8. The system as defined in claim 7 wherein the lubricant is selected from mineral oils, vegetable oils, esters, polymers, glycols, fatty acids, and combinations thereof.

9. The system as defined in claim 7 wherein the lubricant composition further comprises at least one of an extreme pressure additive, a corrosion inhibitor, a boundary lubricant, an antiwear additive, or combinations thereof.

10. The system as defined in claim 9 wherein the extreme pressure additive is selected from chlorinated paraffins, chlorinated waxes, chlorinated esters, chlorinated fatty acids; sulfurized fats; sulfurized olefins; polysulfides; sulfur-chlorinated compounds; sulfurized sulfonates; phosphate esters; phosphate fatty acids; phosphate amines, and combinations thereof.

11. The composition system as defined in claim 7 wherein the lubricant is at least one of dissolved in the supercritical carbon dioxide, dispersed in the supercritical carbon dioxide, emulsified with the supercritical carbon dioxide, or combinations thereof.

12. The composition system as defined in claim 7 wherein the metal workpiece lubricated with the composition has a tapping torque efficiency of about 125%.