REFLECTIVE POLYHEDRON OPTICAL COLLECTOR AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME
Various embodiments relate to reflectors comprising a tapered polyhedron including a plurality of substantially planar facets. The reflector may comprise an input end or aperture that is larger than an output end or aperture. The input aperture or end may have a different shape and/or orientation than an output end or aperture. Some embodiments relate to “developable” geometries made of substantially planar facets which, when folded, form a tapered hollow polyhedron that can efficiently receive light (e.g., from a primary reflector or lens) and direct light onto a photovoltaic cell.
1 . A reflector comprising:
a tapered polyhedron comprising a plurality of substantially planar facets and having an optical axis extending therethrough, wherein the inner surface of the tapered polyhedron is reflective;
a rectangular output end at an end of the tapered polyhedron; and
a polygon input end at an end of the tapered polyhedron opposite the rectangular output end,
wherein some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals that intersect the optical axis and some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals skew to the optical axis and wherein the polygon comprises five or more sides.
2 . The reflector of claim 1 , wherein the output aperture is characterized by a square.
3 . The reflector of claim 1 , wherein the tapered polyhedron exhibits quad symmetry about a longitudinal axis.
4 . The reflector of claim 1 , wherein the tapered polyhedron is a developable surface.
5 . The reflector of claim 1 , wherein said polygon input end and said rectangular output end comprise apertures.
6 . The reflector of claim 1 , wherein said substantially planar facets comprise a plurality of triangular facets.
7 . The reflector of claim 1 , wherein said substantially planar facets comprise a plurality of rectangular facets.
8 . The reflector of claim 1 , wherein said substantially planar facets comprise a plurality of trapezoidal facets.
9 . The reflector of claim 1 , wherein the reflector comprises at least one of silver or aluminum.
10 . The reflector of claim 1 , wherein the reflector comprises at least one of protected silver, an aluminum thin film coating, and an anodized aluminum substrate.
11 . An optical system comprising:
a reflector comprising:
a tapered polyhedron comprising a plurality of substantially planar facets and having an optical axis extending therethrough, wherein the inner surface of the tapered polyhedron is reflective;
a rectangular output end at an end of the tapered polyhedron; and
a polygon input end at an end of the tapered polyhedron opposite the rectangular output end,
wherein some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals that intersect the optical axis and some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals that do not intersect the optical axis and wherein the polygon comprises five or more sides; and
a solar cell, the reflector disposed to direct light along an optical path to the solar cell.
12 . The optical system of claim 11 , further comprising a focusing element.
13 . The optical system of claim 12 , wherein the focusing element comprises at least one of a lens and a mirror.
14 . A method of manufacturing a solar energy conversion assembly, the method comprising:
providing a reflector comprising:
a tapered polyhedron comprising a plurality of substantially planar facets and having an optical axis extending therethrough, wherein the inner surface of the tapered polyhedron is reflective;
a rectangular output end at an end of the tapered polyhedron; and
a polygon input end at an end of the tapered polyhedron opposite the rectangular output end,
wherein some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals that intersect the optical axis and some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals skew to the optical axis and wherein the polygon comprises five or more sides;
disposing the reflector such that light output from the output end of the reflector is directed towards a solar cell.
15 . A reflector comprising:
a tapered polyhedron comprising a plurality of substantially planar facets and having an optical axis extending therethrough, wherein the inner surface of the tapered polyhedron is reflective;
a polygon input end at an end of the tapered polyhedron; and
a polygon output end at an end of the tapered polyhedron opposite the input end,
wherein some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals that intersect the optical axis and some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals skew to the optical axis and wherein a number of sides associated with the polygon of the input end is different than a number of sides associated with the polygon of the output end.
16 . The reflector of claim 15 , wherein the tapered polyhedron is a developable surface.
17 . The reflector of claim 15 , wherein the output end is characterized by a square.
18 . The reflector of claim 17 , wherein the tapered polyhedron exhibits quad symmetry about a longitudinal axis.
19 . The reflector of claim 15 , wherein said polygon input end and said polygon output end comprise apertures.
20 . The reflector of claim 15 , wherein said substantially planar facets comprise a plurality of triangular facets.
21 . The reflector of claim 15 , wherein said substantially planar facets comprise a plurality of rectangular facets.
22 . The reflector of claim 15 , wherein said substantially planar facets comprise a plurality of trapezoidal facets.
23 . The reflector of claim 15 , wherein the reflector comprises at least one of silver or aluminum.
24 . The reflector of claim 15 , wherein the reflector comprises at least one of protected silver, an aluminum thin film coating, and an anodized aluminum substrate.
25 . The reflector of claim 15 , wherein the polygon of the input end comprises at least one side that does not share a plane with any of the sides of the polygon of the output end.
26 . An optical system comprising:
a reflector comprising:
a tapered polyhedron comprising a plurality of substantially planar facets and having an optical axis extending therethrough, wherein the inner surface of the tapered polyhedron is reflective;
a polygon input end at an end of the tapered polyhedron; and
a polygon output end at an end of the tapered polyhedron opposite the input end,
wherein some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals that intersect the optical axis and some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals that do not intersect the optical axis and wherein a number of sides associated with the polygon of the input end is different than a number of sides associated with the polygon of the output end; and
a solar cell, the reflector being configured to direct light towards the solar cell.
27 . The optical system of claim 26 , further comprising a focusing element.
28 . The optical system of claim 26 , wherein the focusing element comprises at least one of a lens and a mirror.
29 . A method of manufacturing an assembly for solar energy conversion, the method comprising:
providing a reflector comprising:
a tapered polyhedron comprising a plurality of substantially planar facets and having an optical axis extending therethrough, wherein the inner surface of the tapered polyhedron is reflective;
a polygon input end at an end of the tapered polyhedron; and
a polygon output end at an end of the tapered polyhedron opposite the input end,
wherein some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals that intersect the optical axis and some of the substantially planar facets have surface normals skew to the optical axis and wherein a number of sides associated with the polygon of the input end is different than a number of sides associated with the polygon of the output end; and
disposing the reflector to direct light along an optical path to the solar cell.