Method of treating organophosphorous poisoning
The present invention is directed to various methods for treating organophosphorus poisoning in an animal that is at risk of exposure to an organophosphorus compound or preventing organophosphorus poisoning in an animal that has been exposed to an organophosphorus compound, by administering a therapeutically effective amount of galantamine or a salt thereof, or a biologically active analog, derivative, fragment or variant thereof.
1. A method for treating or preventing organophosphorus (OP) poisoning in a mammal that is at risk of exposure to OP comprising the steps of:
administering a therapeutically effective amount of galantamine to the mammal either before or after exposure to OP in an amount of 1.0×LD50 or less and in the absence of administering antimuscarinic to the mammal either before or after exposure to OP.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the OP exposure is about 0.8×LD50.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the OP exposure is about 0.7×LD50.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the OP exposure is about 0.6×LD50.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the OP exposure is about 0.5×LD50.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein galantamine is galantamine hydro bromide.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the antimuscarinic is atropine.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the mammal shows no immediate signs of OP toxicity.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the mammal is a human and galantamine is administered from one day before to up to three hours after exposure.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein galantamine is administered in an amount of up to about 24 mg.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the galantamine is administered orally, intranasally, by intramuscular injection, or by subcutaneous injection.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of galantamine in the absence of administering anti-convulsants or re-activators of OP-inhibited acetyl cholinesterase.
13. The method of claim 1 further comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of galantamine to the mammal over an extended period of time.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of galantamine to the mammal either before or after exposure to OP comprises an initial dose and the method further comprises administering additional doses of a therapeutically effective amount of galantamine to the mammal, which may be the same or different to the initial dose, over an extended period of time.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein galantamine initially is administered up to about 24 hours before or up to about 3 hours after OP exposure and additional doses of galantamine are administered daily for so long as the risk of exposure is present.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein galantamine initially is administered up to about 24 hours before or up to about 3 hours after OP exposure and additional doses of galantamine are administered about 3 times per day for so long as the risk of exposure is present.
17. The method of claim 15 wherein the mammal is a human and the additional doses of galantamine are from about 3 to 10 mg per dose.
18. The method of claim 15 wherein the mammal is a human and the additional doses of galantamine are a maintenance dose of from about 3 to 6 mg per dose.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the mammal is a human and the maintenance doses are provided for up to about a month after no symptoms of OP poisoning are exhibited.
20. A method for treating organophosphorus (OP) poisoning in a mammal that is at risk of exposure to OP on a recurring basis or preventing OP poisoning in a mammal that has been exposed to OP comprising administering multiple doses of galantamine to the mammal before or after exposure or both before and after exposure to OP in an amount of 0.8×LD50 or less in therapeutically effective amounts for an extended treatment period.