Nuclear engineering plant and closure apparatus for its containment
A nuclear engineering plant has a containment, whose interior chamber is subdivided by a wall into a systems chamber and an operating chamber which is accessible during normal operation. The containment ensures a particularly high operational reliability, in particular also in incident situations, in which hydrogen is released in the systems chamber. For this purpose, a number of overflow openings are provided in the partition wall, the respective overflow opening is closed by a closure element of a closure apparatus which opens automatically when a trigger condition associated with the respective overflow opening is reached. Closure apparatuses are provided which open both as a function of pressure and independently of pressure. The closure apparatus furthermore has a closure element containing a bursting film or a bursting diaphragm. The closure apparatus is configured such that it frees the overflow opening automatically when a predetermined environment-side trigger temperature is reached.
1. A nuclear engineering plant, comprising:
a containment including an interior and a gas-tight intermediate wall dividing said interior into a plant space having a reactor pressure vessel and a primary cooling circuit and into an operating space being walkable during normal operation;
said gas-tight intermediate wall having a plurality of overflow openings formed therein, said containment further having closure apparatuses with closure elements each closing a respective one of said overflow openings, said closure elements opening automatically when a trigger condition associated with said respective overflow opening has been reached;
a first group of said closure apparatuses opening automatically in dependence on a pressure level indication; and
a second group of said closure apparatuses opening automatically independent of the pressure level indication;
at least two closure apparatuses of said second group of closure apparatuses opening in dependence on a temperature level indication;
each of said at least two temperature level indication-dependent closure apparatuses opening as soon as an atmosphere temperature at a measurement location in said plant space exceeds a predetermined trigger temperature selected for that respective temperature level indication-dependent closure apparatus;
said at least two temperature level indication-dependent closure apparatuses being located at different elevations in the containment; and
said at least two temperature-dependent closure apparatuses being configured such that one of said at least two temperature level indication-dependent closure apparatuses located at a lower elevation opens at a lower predetermined trigger temperature than another one of said at least two temperature level indication-dependent closure apparatuses located at a higher elevation.
2. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein said containment has a plurality of trigger apparatuses based on differing operating principles and are combined in said closure apparatuses.
3. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of said closure apparatuses opens automatically as soon as an atmosphere pressure in said plant space exceeds a predetermined trigger pressure.
4. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of said closure apparatuses opens automatically as soon as a pressure difference between said plant space and said operating space exceeds a predetermined trigger value.
5. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 4 , wherein the predetermined trigger value is in a range of approximately 20 mbar to 300 mbar.
6. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein:
said containment has a temperature level indication-dependent trigger apparatus and a remote-controlled apparatus;
said plant space has a ceiling; and
one of said closure elements is coupled, via said remote-controlled apparatus, to said temperature level indication-dependent trigger apparatus which is positioned in the higher regions of said plant space.
7. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined trigger temperature of said one closure apparatus is in a range of approximately 65° C. to approximately 90° C.
8. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of said second group of closure apparatuses opens automatically as soon as a concentration of a gas which is one of flammable and capable of exploding and is present in an atmosphere of said plant space, exceeds a predetermined trigger concentration.
9. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 8 , wherein the predetermined trigger concentration is approximately 1 to 2 percent by volume.
10. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of said closure apparatuses open in dependence on a temperature level indication;
the nuclear engineering plant additionally including at least one element that releases heat in a presence of explosive or ignitable gases;
said at least one element being disposed such that heat released thereby triggers an opening of said at least one of said closure apparatuses when a threshold value is exceeded.
11. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein
said plant space has a floor; and
a first subset of said overflow openings, which are in each case provided with one of said closure apparatuses, is disposed near said floor of said plant space, and a second subset of said overflow openings is disposed in higher regions, and a difference in height is more than 5 meters between said first and second subsets.
12. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 11 , wherein said containment has a number of recombiners mounted on an inside wall of said plant space between said first subset and said second subset of said overflow openings.
13. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein an area covered overall by said closure elements is approximately 0.1 to 0.5 times a horizontal cross-sectional area of said plant space.
14. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein said containment has an additional screen disposed in a flow opening region of said plant space, and an inflow cross section of said flow opening region being delimited by said additional screen is at least twice an inflow cross section of associated ones of said overflow openings.
15. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein said containment has a planar holding and sealing construction formed from steel, said closure elements are fitted over a large area in said planar holding and sealing construction.
16. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein said containment has a cooling apparatus for cooling air in said plant space and has a cooling power such that a room temperature in said plant space can be reduced during normal operation permanently to less than 60° C.
17. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 1 , wherein said containment has a suction apparatus for air which is in said plant space and a purifying apparatus for purifying and decontaminating sucked-off air.
18. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 11 , wherein:
said second subset of said overflow openings is disposed in sections of said gas-tight intermediate wall which forms a ceiling of said plant space; and
said difference in height is more than 20 meters.
19. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 8 , wherein the concentration of the gas is a concentration of hydrogen.
20. The nuclear engineering plant according to claim 10 , wherein the element is a catalytic element.