Optical device components

1. A light illumination funnel, comprising:

a first opening, positioned to receive an incoming light source;

a second opening, positioned opposite the first opening and with a diameter smaller than the first opening;

inner reflective walls, in contact with the first opening and second opening;

wherein the funnel is of frusto-conical shape and has a half angle of less than 25 degrees; and

a passage for receiving a biological sample located directly below the second opening.

2. The light illumination funnel of claim 1 , wherein the funnel has a half angle of about 10 to about 15 degrees.

3. The light illumination funnel of claim 1 , further comprising a printed circuit board positioned near or in contact with the first opening, wherein the printed circuit board is in contact with at least one light source positioned near the first opening.

4. The light illumination funnel of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of light sources positioned near the first opening.

5. The light illumination funnel of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of light sources are in contact with a printed circuit board positioned near or in contact with the first opening.

6. The light illumination funnel of claim 4 , wherein the light sources comprise infrared emitting diodes.

7. The light illumination funnel of claim 4 , wherein the light sources are positioned in a three dimensional arrangement.

8. The light illumination funnel of claim 7 , wherein the three dimensional arrangement comprises light sources positioned in horizontal and vertical layers.

9. The light illumination funnel of claim 4 , wherein the light sources comprise incandescent light sources.

10. A light collection funnel, comprising:

a first opening, positioned to receive an incoming sample light source;

a second opening, positioned opposite the first opening and with a diameter larger than the first opening;

inner reflective walls, in contact with the first opening and second opening;

wherein the funnel is of frusto-conical shape;

a passage for receiving a biological sample located directly above the first opening; and

at least one light detector below the second opening.

11. The light collection funnel of claim 10 , further comprising one or more detectors positioned near or in contact with the second opening.

12. The light collection funnel of claim 10 , wherein the at least one light detector comprises a detector array.

13. The light collection funnel of claim 10 , further comprising one or more filters, gratings or lenses positioned between the funnel and the at least one light detector.

14. An apparatus, comprising:

a light source configured to generate a plurality of light beams;

a light illumination funnel, of frusto-conical shape, for collecting the plurality of light beams through an entrance opening having a first diameter and for focusing and directing the plurality of light beams to a target area through an exit opening having a second diameter, wherein the second diameter is less than the first diameter;

a light collection funnel, of frusto-conical shape, for collecting the plurality of light beams emitting from the target area at a second entrance opening having a third diameter and for directing the plurality of light beams through a second exit opening having a fourth diameter, wherein the third diameter is less than the fourth diameter;

a passage for receiving a biological sample located at the target area between the light illumination funnel and light collection funnel;

a detector comprising a plurality of light-sensing devices each configured to detect a light beam directed through the second exit opening and to generate an output signal indicative of the power of light detected; and

a processor for analyzing the output signal and generating measurement data.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the light source comprises one or more light emitting diodes.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the wavelength range comprises differing wavelength ranges between about 800 nm and 1200 nm.

17. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the light source is positioned at the entrance opening of the light illumination funnel.

18. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the light source comprises one or more incandescent light sources.

19. The apparatus of claim 14 , further comprising one or more filters, gratings or lenses positioned between the light collection funnel and the detector.

20. The apparatus of claim 14 , further comprising a plurality of interference filters each configured to pass a different one of the plurality of light beams directed through the second exit opening as a function of wavelength range, wherein the plurality of interference filters are positioned between the light collection funnel and the detector.

21. The apparatus of 20 , wherein each of the plurality of light-sensing devices are configured to detect a light beam of a specific wavelength or wavelength range as defined by the corresponding interference filter from the plurality of interference filters through which the light beam passed.