Process for preparing an intermediate to opioid receptor antagonists
The invention provides an efficient method for preparing 3-endo-(8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)benzamide by hydrogenation, under controlled conditions, of an amino-protected 3-(8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-3-yl)benzamide intermediate in which the amino-protecting group is removable by catalytic hydrogenation.
1. A process for preparing a compound of formula 1, having the chemical name 3-endo-(8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)benzamide, or a salt thereof:
the process comprising:
(a) purging a reaction vessel comprising a compound of formula 3:
and an acid with a non-reactive gas, wherein P 1 is an amino-protecting group removable by catalytic hydrogenation,
(b) adding a palladium metal catalyst to the reaction vessel;
(c) purging the reaction vessel with hydrogen; and
(d) supplying hydrogen gas to the reaction vessel at a pressure of less than about a half atmosphere such that the total pressure in the reaction vessel is less than about one and a half atmospheres to provide a compound of formula 1 or a salt thereof.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein P 1 is benzyl.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the process further comprises converting the product of step (d) to a crystalline form.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein the percentage of exo isomer in the salt of the compound of formula 1 is less than about 0.5 percent.
6. A process for preparing a compound of formula 1, having the chemical name 3-endo-(8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)benzamide, or a salt thereof:
the process comprising:
(a) contacting a compound of formula 5
wherein P 1 is an amino-protecting group removable by catalytic hydrogenation and —OR x represents a sulfonate leaving group, with a compound of formula 4:
in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a phosphine ligand to provide a compound of formula 3:
(b) purging a reaction vessel comprising a compound of formula 3 and an acid with a non-reactive gas;
(c) adding a palladium metal catalyst to the reaction vessel;
(d) purging the reaction vessel with hydrogen; and
(e) supplying hydrogen gas to the reaction vessel at a pressure of less than about a half atmosphere such that the total pressure in the reaction vessel is less than about one and a half atmospheres to provide a compound of formula 1 or a salt thereof.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein P 1 is benzyl and —OR x is trifluoromethane sulfonate.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein, in step (a), the palladium catalyst is palladium (II) acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and the phosphine ligand is 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene, tricyclohexylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, or 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane.
9. The process of claim 7 wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid and wherein the process further comprises converting the product of step (e) to a crystalline hydrochloride salt of the compound of formula 1.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein the percentage of exo isomer in the salt of the compound of formula 1 is less than about 0.5 percent.
11. A process for preparing a compound of formula 1, having the chemical name 3-endo-(8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)benzamide, or a salt thereof:
the process comprising hydrogenating a compound of formula 2, having the chemical name 3-(8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-3-yl)benzamide:
or an acid salt thereof, in the presence of a palladium metal catalyst, and, when the compound of formula 2 is in the form of a free base, in the presence of an acid, to provide a compound of formula 1 or a salt thereof.
12. The process of claim 11 wherein the process is performed in the presence of an acid and the product is a salt of the compound of formula 1.
13. The process of claim 12 wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid and the product is the hydrochloride salt of the compound of formula 1.
14. The process of claim 13 wherein the process further comprises crystallizing the hydrochloride salt of the compound of formula 1.
15. The process of claim 14 wherein the percentage of exo isomer in the salt of the compound of formula 1 is less than about 0.5 percent.
16. A process for preparing a compound of formula 3:
wherein P 1 is an amino-protecting group, the process comprising:
(a) contacting a compound of formula 5
wherein —OR x represents a sulfonate leaving group, with a compound of formula 4:
in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a phosphine ligand to provide a compound of formula 3.
17. The process of claim 16 wherein P 1 is benzyl and —OR x is trifluoromethane sulfonate.
18. The process of claim 17 wherein, in step (a), the palladium catalyst is palladium (II) acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and the phosphine ligand is 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene, tricyclohexylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, or 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane.