Methods and apparatus for controlling texture of plates and sheets by tilt rolling
View Patent ↗Methods and apparatus for rolling metal sheet or plate are provided. The method comprises the step of feeding the metal plate or sheet into a rolling mill at an angle. The apparatus comprises a rolling mill having a tilted feed table, or an apron upon which a transfer table and tilted feed table can rest. Through-thickness gradient and shear texture can be improved using the methods and apparatus of the invention.
1. A method comprising:
feeding a workpiece into rolls in a rolling mill, wherein the workpiece is tilted about an axis parallel to the axis of the rolls of a rolling mill to a tilt angle between 2-20 degrees, wherein the workpiece is a metal plate or sheet;
so that the texture of the workpiece is controlled,
wherein the method includes more than one pass through rolls at a tilt angle of between 2-20 degrees at a predetermined reduction schedule calculated to adjust the shear strain distribution through the thickness of the material and which the workpiece is a) turned over between passes at regular intervals; or b) passed successively through two or more rolling mills and the direction of the tilt angle is alternated between the successive rolling mills; and
wherein the workpiece after feeding has a shear texture that is increased and the workpiece after feeding has a percentage of grains in a unit volume of a fcc metal aligned within 15-deg of <100>//ND and <111>//ND that is larger than 10.2% and 13.6%, respectively.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tilt angle is between 10 and 20 degrees and the reduction schedule is optimized to maximize the amount of shear strain in the material, whereby the shear texture is achieved.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the process includes a step of installing a tilted feed table to the rolling mill for feeding the workpiece into the rolls of the mill.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the number of passes is 4 or more and wherein the workpiece is turned over between two passes.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein a predetermined % reduction in thickness per pass is used to achieve substantially no curling; wherein the maximum strain due to curling is less than 10% of normal strain induced in the rolling pass.
6. A method comprising:
feeding a workpiece into rolls in a rolling mill, wherein the workpiece is tilted about an axis parallel to the axis of the rolls of a rolling mill to a tilt angle between 2-20 degrees, wherein the workpiece is a metal plate or sheet;
so that the texture of the workpiece is controlled,
wherein the method includes more than one pass through rolls at a tilt angle of between 2-20 degrees at a predetermined reduction schedule calculated to adjust the shear strain distribution through the thickness of the material and which the workpiece is a) turned over between passes at regular intervals; or b) passed successively through two or more rolling mills and the direction of the tilt angle is alternated between the successive rolling mills; and
wherein the workpiece after feeding has a shear texture that is increased and the workpiece after feeding has a percentage of grains in a unit volume of a bcc metal aligned within 15-deg of <110>//ND is larger than 20.4%.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the process includes a step of installing a tilted feed table to the rolling mill for feeding the workpiece into the rolls of the mill.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the number of passes is 4 or more and wherein the workpiece is turned over between two passes.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein a predetermined % reduction in thickness per pass is used to achieve substantially no curling; wherein the maximum strain due to curling is less than 10% of normal strain induced in the rolling pass.
10. A method comprising:
feeding a workpiece into rolls in a rolling mill, wherein the workpiece is tilted about an axis parallel to the axis of the rolls of a rolling mill to a tilt angle between 2-20 degrees, wherein the workpiece is a metal plate or sheet;
so that the texture of the workpiece is controlled,
wherein the method includes more than one pass through rolls at a tilt angle of between 2-20 degrees at a predetermined reduction schedule calculated to adjust the shear strain distribution through the thickness of the material and which the workpiece is a) turned over between passes at regular intervals; or b) passed successively through two or more rolling mills and the direction of the tilt angle is alternated between the successive rolling mills; and
wherein the through-thickness texture gradient for each of the texture components 100//ND and 111//ND is less than or equal to 4% per mm.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the workpiece is produced by powder metallurgy so that the metal plate or sheet has close to a random texture.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the tilt angle is between 3 and 7 degrees, and the reduction schedule is adjusted to achieve substantially uniform shear strain through the thickness of the material, wherein through-thickness texture gradient is minimized.
13. The method of claim 10 wherein the number of passes is 4 or more.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the workpiece is turned over between passes.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein a predetermined % reduction in thickness per pass is used to achieve substantially no curling; wherein the maximum strain due to curling is less than 10% of normal strain induced in the rolling pass.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the % reduction per pass is up to 20%.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the workpiece has a thickness from 0.250 to 2.000 inches.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the tilt angle is about 5°.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the workpiece has a top edge and a bottom edge, wherein the top and bottom edges of the workpiece contact the rolls of the mill simultaneously.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the tilt angle is about 5°.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the workpiece has a top edge and a bottom edge, wherein the top and bottom edges of the workpiece contact the rolls of the mill simultaneously.
22. The method of claim 10 , wherein the workpiece includes tantalum.
23. The method of claim 10 , wherein the workpiece is a silicon steel and the method improves the magnetic permeability of the workpiece.
24. The method of claim 10 , wherein the rolling mills includes work rolls that operate at substantially the same rolling speed.
25. The method of claim 10 , wherein the process includes a step of flattening the workpiece, and the step of flattening the workpiece results in no thickness reduction of the workpiece.
26. The method of claim 10 , wherein the process includes a step of installing a tilted feed table to the rolling mill for feeding the workpiece into the rolls of the mill.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the tilted feed table includes rollers incorporated into the table and a forward end that is tapered at the tip for supporting the rollers of the feed table and for allowing the tilted feed table to closely approach the rolls of the rolling mill; and wherein the process includes rolling the workpiece on the rollers of the tilted feed table.
28. The method of claim 26 , wherein area contact between the workpiece and the tilted feed table is maintained.
29. The method of claim 26 , wherein the workpiece has a top edge and a bottom edge, wherein the top and bottom edges of the workpiece contact the rolls of the mill simultaneously.
30. The method of claim 10 , wherein the process includes a step of increasing the temperature of the workpiece above the recrystallization temperature to achieve recrystallization.
31. The method of claim 10 , wherein the method includes the steps of:
providing a rolling mill;
rolling on the rolling mill in the absence of any tilt angle; and
attaching a tilt table to the rolling mill to provide a tilt angle for rolling.
32. The method of claim 10 , wherein the method includes a step of:
maintaining the uniformity of the friction coefficient of the workpiece with the rolls of the mill.
33. The method of claim 10 , wherein the tilt angle is about 5°, the workpiece has a thickness from about 0.25 to about 2 inches, and the % reduction per pass is 5-20°.
34. The method of claim 10 , wherein the texture is determined by EBSD using a 15 μm step in both horizontal and vertical directions.
35. The method of claim 10 , wherein the process employs a conventional rolling mill that has been modified to allow for tilt-rolling.