Cold-walled vessel process for compounding, homogenizing and consolidating semiconductor compounds
A method is provided for compounding, homogenizing and consolidating compounds. In one embodiment, the charge components are mixed in a controlled addition process, then the newly-formed compound is heated to become totally molten, followed by a rapid quench at room temperature. In an alternate embodiment, the components are supplied with an excess of one component acting as a solvent, heated to dissolve additional components, and then the solvent is separated from the compound to produce homogeneous consolidated compounds. The methods herein are advantageously applied to provide an economical and fast process for producing CdTe, CdZnTe and ZnTe compounds.
1. An apparatus for making a compound, comprising:
a first means for holding a solute dissolved in a solvent in a first portion of the first means and for subsequently solidifying the solvent and solute to form the compound;
a second means for flowing an inert gas through the first means such that resulting vapor pressure surges from an exothermic reaction of mixing the solvent and the solute is absorbed in the flowing inert gas; and
a third means for maintaining the first portion of the first means at a temperature above which the solute is soluble in the solvent, while a second portion of the first means which is located adjacent to an inert gas inlet is maintained at a temperature at which a vapor pressure of the solute is 1 torr or less.
2. A method of making a compound, comprising:
providing a solute mixed in a solvent in a first portion of a vessel;
maintaining the first portion of the vessel at a temperature above which the solute is soluble in the solvent;
flowing an inert gas through the vessel such that resulting vapor pressure surges from an exothermic reaction of mixing the solvent and the solute is absorbed in the flowing inert gas;
maintaining a second portion of the vessel which is located adjacent to an inert gas inlet at a temperature at which a vapor pressure of the solute is 1 torr or less; and
solidifying the solvent and solute to form the compound.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of providing a solute mixed in a solvent in the first portion of the vessel comprises providing a first solid material and a second solid material into the first portion of the vessel and melting the first and the second material at a temperature below a liquidus temperature of the compound.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of providing a solute mixed in a solvent in the first portion of the vessel comprises:
providing a first solid material into the first portion of the vessel and melting the first material to form the solvent; and
providing a second solid material into a second vessel, melting the second material to form the solute and adding a controlled amount of liquid solute into the solvent while maintaining the solvent at a temperature below a liquidus temperature of the compound.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of solidifying comprises homogenizing and consolidating a mixture of the solvent and the solute to form a solid compound of the first material and the second material.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the compound comprises a compound semiconductor material.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solvent comprises a Group VI material, the solute comprises a Group II material and the compound comprises a Group II-VI compound semiconductor material.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the solvent comprises Te, the solute comprises Zn, Cd or ZnCd, and the compound comprises a ZnTe, CdTe or CdZnTe compound semiconductor material.
9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step of homogenizing and consolidating the mixture comprises cooling the mixture by removing heat from the mixture.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step of homogenizing and consolidating the mixture comprises heating the mixture above the liquidus temperature of the compound to homogenize the mixture and quenching the mixture to consolidate the mixture into the solid compound.