Electrospun light-emitting fibers
The invention teaches electrospun light-emitting fibers made from ionic transition metal complexes (“iTMCs”) such as [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ (PF 6 .) 2 ]/PEO mixtures with dimensions in the 10.0 nm to 5.0 micron range and capable of highly localized light emission at low operating voltages such as 3-4 V with turn-on voltages approaching the band-gap limit of the organic semiconductor that may be used as point source light emitters on a chip.
1. An electrospun light-emitting fiber (ELF) comprising an electroluminescent material and a carrier substance, wherein the electroluminescent material is solution processable and is embedded in the carrier substance, and wherein the electroluminescent material comprises an ionic transition metal complex (iTMC).
2. The ELF of claim 1 , wherein the iTMC comprises transition metal ions and ligands.
3. The ELF of claim 2 , wherein the transition metal ion possesses electroluminescent properties.
4. The ELF of claim 3 , wherein the transition material is chosen from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium and platinum.
5. The ELF of claim 3 , wherein the transition material is ruthenium.
6. The ELF of claim 2 , wherein the ligands are chosen from the group of ligands that bind to metals by lone pairs of electrons residing on main group atoms of the ligand.
7. The ELF of claim 6 , wherein the ligands are chosen from the group consisting of H 2 O, silyl, NH 3 , Cl − , CN − and en − .
8. The ELF of claim 2 , wherein the ligands are organic.
9. The ELF of claim 2 , wherein the ligands possess organic properties.
10. The ELF of claim 8 , wherein the ligands are chosen from the group consisting of ligands comprising alkene, alkyne, alkyl, aryl, arylene, alkoxy and aryloxy groups.
11. The ELF of claim 8 , wherein the ligands comprise a heterocyclic aromatic group.
12. The ELF of claim 11 , wherein the heterocyclic aromatic group is chosen from the group consisting of immines, pyridines, bipyridines and pyrimidines.
13. The ELF of claim 12 , wherein the immine is a di-immine or a di-immine derivative.
14. The ELF of claim 9 , wherein the ligands possessing organic properties are chosen from the group consisting of phosphine, hydride and CO.
15. The ELF of claim 5 , wherein the iTMC comprises at least one ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine) cation ([Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ ).
16. The ELF of claim 15 , wherein the ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine) cation is chosen from the group consisting of ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine)hexafluorophosphate (([Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ (PF 6 − ) 2 ) and ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine)dichloride ([Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ (Cl − ) 2 ).
17. The ELF of claim 1 , wherein the carrier substance is polyethylene oxide (PEO) and the iTMC is ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine)hexafluorophosphate.
18. The ELF of claim 1 , where the ELF comprises two iTMCs, wherein the first iTMC possesses mobile positive counter ions with stationary negatively charged complexes, and the second iTMC possesses mobile negative counter ions with stationary positively charged complexes, such that an ionic PN junction is created between the first iTMC and the second iTMC.
19. The ELF of claim 18 , wherein the first iTMC and second iTMC are blended together in the same ELF.
20. The ELF of claim 18 , wherein the ELF is photoresponsive.
21. The ELF of claim 20 , wherein the ELF produces a photocurrent or a photovoltage when exposed to light.