Composite material comprising supported porous gel containing functional groups and method of separating substances
This invention relates to a composite material that comprises a support member that has a plurality of pores extending through the support member and, located in the pores of the support member, and filling the pores of the support member, a macroporous cross-linked gel. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the composite material described above, and to its use. The composite material is suitable, for example, for separation of substances, for example by filtration or adsorption, including chromatography, for use as a support in synthesis or for use as a support for cell growth.
1. A composite material comprising:
(a) a support member comprising a plurality of pores extending through the support member; and
(b) a non-self supporting macroporous cross-linked gel comprising macropores having an average size of 10 nm to 3000 nm, said macroporous gel being located in the pores of the support member;
wherein
said macroporous cross-linked gel is present in the pores of the support member in an amount sufficient such that, in use, liquid passing through the composite material passes through said macropores of said macroporous cross-linked gel;
said macropores of said macroporous cross-linked gel are smaller than said pores of said support member;
the macroporous cross-linked gel is a gel bearing a plurality of functional groups; and
the functional groups are biological molecules or biological ions.
2. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the functional groups are selected from the group consisting of antibodies, fragments of antibodies, amino acid ligands, antigens, antibody ligands, anti-antibodies, and lectins.
3. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the functional groups are antibodies or fragments of antibodies.
4. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the functional groups are antibodies; and the antibodies are monoclonal antibodies.
5. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the functional groups are antigens or antibody ligands.
6. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the functional groups are selected from the group consisting of protein A and protein G.
7. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the functional groups are recombinant protein A.
8. The composite material of claim 1 , wherein the functional groups are amino acid ligands.
9. The composite material of claim 8 , wherein the amino acid ligands are L-phenylalanine, tryptophan, or L-histidine.
10. A method for separating a substance from a fluid, comprising the step of: placing the fluid in contact with a composite material that displays a specific interaction for the substance, wherein the composite material comprises:
(a) a support member comprising a plurality of pores extending through the support member; and
(b) a non-self supporting macroporous cross-linked gel comprising macropores having an average size of 10 nm to 3000 nm, said macroporous gel being located in the pores of the support member;
wherein
said macroporous cross-linked gel is present in the pores of the support member in an amount sufficient such that, in use, liquid passing through the composite material passes through said macropores of said macroporous cross-linked gel;
said macropores of said macroporous cross-linked gel are smaller than said pores of said support member;
the macroporous cross-linked gel is a gel bearing a plurality of functional groups; and
the functional groups are biological molecules or biological ions;
thereby adsorbing or absorbing the substance to the composite material.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the specific interaction is an electrostatic interaction.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the specific interaction is an affinity interaction.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the specific interaction is a hydrophobic interaction.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the substance is selected from the group consisting of a virus, a cell, a γ-globulin, an immunoglobulin, a protein, a polypeptide, interleukin-2, interleukin-2 receptor, an enzyme, a monoclonal antibody, trypsin, trypsin inhibitor, cytochrome C, myoglobulin, a recombinant human interleukin, a recombinant fusion protein, a nucleic acid-derived product, DNA, and RNA.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the substance is a protein.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the protein is selected from the group consisting of an albumin, a lysozyme, and protein A.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the protein is an albumin; and the albumin is selected from the group consisting of bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, and chicken egg albumin.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the substance is an immunoglobulin.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the immunoglobulin is selected from the group consisting of IgG, IgM, and IgE.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein the substance is an enzyme.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the enzyme is a phosphatase or a dehydrogenase.
22. The method of claim 10 , wherein the substance is a γ-globulin or an immunoglobulin; and the functional groups of the composite material are amino acid ligands.
23. The method of claim 10 , wherein the substance is an immunoglobulin; and the functional groups of the composite material are antigens or antibody ligands.
24. The method of claim 10 , wherein the substance is IgG; and functional groups of the composite material are protein A.
25. The method of claim 10 , wherein the substance is IgG; and the functional groups of the composite material are protein G.