Identification of disease characteristics using isotope ratios in breath
Methods are disclosed for distinguishing whether an animal is experiencing a bacterial infection or a viral infection. One monitors breath taken from the animal over time to measure the relative amount of a first breath stable isotope to a second breath stable isotope therein over time. A quick change in the isotope ratios within several hours from the likely infection is indicative of a bacterial infection. A delayed change in the isotope ratios, followed by periodic repeated alterations in the ratios, is indicative of viral infection. The methods are particularly efficient when using cavity ringdown spectroscopy for the monitoring. They may be used for monitoring a patient already admitted to a hospital, or for monitoring a patient initially complaining of adverse symptoms, or for triage, or for collectively monitoring a population of animals.
1. A method of distinguishing whether an animal is experiencing a viral infection, the method comprising:
monitoring on at least three days breath taken from the animal over time to measure a relative amount of a first isotope to a second isotope therein over time, wherein the first and second isotopes are selected from the group consisting of a pair of 13 C and 12 C, a pair of 15 N and 14 N, a pair of 17 O and 16 O, and a pair of sulphur isotopes; and
based on a comparison of (i) changes to the relative amount of the first isotope to the second isotope over time, with (ii) a known periodic cyclic pattern of changes of the relative amount of the first isotope to the second isotope when there is viral infection, the known periodic cyclic pattern of changes evidencing periods of increased cell rupture that are time separated by periods of less cell rupture, determining whether viral infection is present;
wherein either the absence of such a known periodic cyclic pattern of changes indicates a lack of a viral infection, or the presence of such a known periodic cyclic pattern of changes indicates the presence of a viral infection.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second isotopes are the pair of 13 C and 12 C.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the monitoring step uses cavity ringdown spectroscopy to determine the changes in the relative amount.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the animal is a mammal.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the mammal is a human.