Bang-bang phase detector with sub-rate clock

1. A phase detector for generating logic signals indicative of phase transitions of an input data stream with respect to a reference clock signal, the phase detector comprising:

a first bit-storage device for sampling the input data stream with the reference clock signal;

a second bit-storage device for sampling the input data stream with a first phase shifted clock signal whose phase is delayed by X degrees relative to the reference clock signal;

a third bit-storage device for sampling the input data stream with a second phase shifted clock signal whose phase is delayed by Y degrees relative to the reference clock signal, to generate a logic signal “C”; and

fourth and fifth bit-storage devices for sampling outputs of the first and second bit-storage devices respectively to generate logic signals “A” and “B” respectively;

wherein the first, second, and third bit-storage devices respectively comprise first, second, and third combinations of first and second transparent latches, wherein an output of the first transparent latch is coupled to an input of the second transparent latch in each of the respective combinations; and

wherein the first transparent latch is a high or low latching transparent latch, and the second transparent latch is a respective low or high latching transparent latch.

2. The phase detector of claim 1 , wherein:

the first bit-storage device is a first edge triggered bit-storage device responsive to one of a rising or falling edge of the reference clock signal;

the second bit-storage device is a second edge triggered bit-storage device responsive to a respective rising or falling edge of the first phase shifted clock signal;

the third bit-storage device is a third edge triggered bit-storage device responsive to a respective rising or falling edge of the second phase shifted clock signal; and

the fourth and fifth edge triggered bit-storage devices are fourth and fifth edge triggered bit-storage devices, each responsive to the respective rising or falling edge of the reference clock signal.

3. The phase detector of claim 2 , wherein the third edge triggered bit-storage device is responsive to a respective falling or rising edge of the reference clock signal instead of the second phase shifted clock signal.

4. The phase detector of claim 3 , wherein the first, second, third, fourth and fifth edge triggered bit-storage devices comprise respective edge triggered flip-flops.

5. The phase detector of claim 1 , wherein the fourth and fifth bit-storage devices comprise respective high or low latching transparent latches.

6. The phase detector of claim 1 , wherein X=90 degrees.

7. The phase detector of claim 1 , wherein Y=180 degrees.

8. The phase detector of claim 1 , wherein X=180/N degrees and Y=360/N degrees, and N is a sub-rate factor by which a frequency of the reference clock is lower than a bit rate of the input data stream.

9. A phase locked loop (PLL), comprising the phase detector of claim 1 , the PLL further comprising a multiphase voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for generating the reference clock signal and the first and second phase shifted clock signals.

10. The PLL of claim 9 , further including a logic circuit for deriving frequency adjustment signals from the logic signals “A”, “B”, and “C” for adjusting a frequency of the reference clock.

11. A method of generating logic signals indicative of phase transitions of an input data stream with respect to a reference clock signal, the method comprising:

sampling the input data stream with a reference clock signal, including storing results of the sampling in a first bit-storage device;

sampling the input data stream with a first phase shifted clock signal whose phase is delayed by X degrees relative to the reference clock signal, including storing results of the sampling in a second bit-storage device;

sampling the input data stream with a second phase shifted clock signal whose phase is delayed by Y degrees relative to the reference clock signal to generate the logic signal “C”, including storing results of the sampling in a third bit-storage device; and

sampling outputs of the first and second bit-storage devices respectively to generate respective logic signals “A” and “B”, including storing results of the sampling in fourth and fifth bit-storage devices;

wherein sampling and storing in the first bit-storage device includes latching in a first transparent latch and storing an output of the first transparent latch in a second transparent latch; and

wherein latching with the first transparent latch includes latching with a rising or falling edge of the reference clock signal, and storing in the second transparent latch includes latching with a respective opposite edge of the reference clock signal.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein:

sampling and storing in the first bit-storage device comprises sampling with a rising or falling edge of the reference clock signal;

sampling and storing in the second bit-storage device comprises sampling with a respective rising or falling edge of the first phase shifted clock signal;

sampling and storing in the third bit-storage device comprises sampling with a respective rising or falling edge of the second phase shifted clock signal; and

sampling and storing in the fourth and fifth bit-storage devices comprises sampling with a respective rising or falling edge of the reference clock signal.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein sampling and storing in the third bit-storage device comprises sampling with a respective falling or rising edge of the reference clock signal instead of the second phase shifted clock signal.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein sampling and storing in the fourth and fifth bit-storage devices comprises latching in respective transparent latches.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein X=90 degrees and Y=180 degrees.

16. The method of claim 11 , wherein X=180/N degrees and Y=360/N degrees, and N is a sub-rate factor by which a frequency of the reference clock is lower than a bit rate of the input data stream.

17. A method of generating a reference clock signal in a phase locked loop (PLL), comprising:

generating logic signals “A”, “B” and “C” as described in claim 11 ;

generating the reference clock signal and the first and second phase shifted clock signals in a multiphase voltage controlled oscillator (VCO); and

deriving frequency adjustment signals from the logic signals “A”, “B”, and “C” for adjusting a frequency of the reference clock.